三子棋的实现，人工智能与人工智障
1.菜单
我们先进行菜单打印的实现，如下：
void menu()
{printf("**********************************************\n");printf("************ 1.play ************\n");printf("************ 0.exit ************\n");printf("**********************************************\n");
}菜单要求我们进行输出1/0，但是我们要考虑玩家可能输错的情况所以我们用switch语句来对玩家的输入进行一个反馈，如下：
int input = 0;do{menu();printf("请输入(1/0):");scanf("%d", &input);switch (input){case 1:printf("开始游戏\n");game();break;case 0:printf("退出游戏\n");break;default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入\n");break;}} while (input);上面这段代码是在主函数中实现的，当然你也可将其打包到一个函数中，这里就不做展示了。
当玩家输入1时，进入游戏，下面我们来实现game里的内容。
2.初始化棋盘与打印棋盘
玩家要想玩三子棋首先肯定要有一个棋盘，三子棋的棋盘一共有9个空位，玩家将在这些空位上下棋，在游戏的过程中，我们是需要对玩家和电脑的下棋情况进行收录的，所以我们先创建一个数组，在里面全部初始化为 空格 ，实现如下：
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化棋盘
{int i, j;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){board[i][j] = ' ';}}
}void game()
{int ret = 1;int n = 0;char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}这里要说明一下，ROW代表的是行，COL代表的是列，这是提前用define设置好的，后面会提到，row和col也是一样的意思，传过来是为了方便。
之后是打印棋盘，思路其实还是蛮简单的，循环加判断，相信大家都是可以理解的，就不细说明了，实现如下：
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘
{int i, j;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);if (j < col - 1){printf("|");} //“ |”这是一次循环} //当打印最后一次时不打印“|”//打印出来是 | | printf("\n");if (i < row - 1){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){printf("---");if (j < col - 1){printf("|");//“---|”是一次循环} //打印最后一次时不打印“|”} //打印出来是---|---|---}printf("\n");// 上面的两行加一起是一次循环} //最后一次循环不打印---|
}//打印出来是这样的效果
// | |
//---|---|---
// | |
//---|---|---
// | | 而设置ROW和COL的目的就是将棋盘的打印变得可控，可以操控棋盘的大小。
3.玩家下棋和电脑下棋
玩家下棋很简单，玩家输入坐标（1~3）（1~3）后判断此位置是否有棋子，如果有则让其在输入一次，如果没有则记录下来，放到之前创建的数组board里。
void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋
{int x, y;printf("玩家输入\n");while (1){printf("请输入坐标:");scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col&&board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' '){board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';break;}else if (x <= 0 || x > row || y <= 0 || y > col){printf("坐标非法，请重新输入\n");}else if (board[x - 1][y - 1] != ' '){printf("该坐标已被占用，请选择其他坐标\n");}}
}电脑下棋我们将简单模式设置为随机下棋，下面是实现：
void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{Sleep(200);printf("电脑下棋\n");int x, y;while (1){x = rand() % row + 1;y = rand() % col + 1;if (board[x][y] == ' '){board[x][y] = '#';break;}}
}随机数的概念在《猜数字游戏》这篇博客里有说，这里就不细说明了。
简单的人机肯定不是我们想要的，那么复杂的人机该怎么实现呢？
很简单，三子棋玩的好的小伙伴们都知道，如果双方都是高手在不出失误的情况下是只能平局的，实现起来也好办，把情况都列举出来就好了，但是这样不仅玩家没有良好的游戏体验，代码也繁重，所以我们仅让电脑判断：
（下面是按照优先序排列的）
1）如果己方（电脑）在横排、竖排、斜排已有两个棋子，如果剩下的位置没有棋子，则下在此处
2）如果对方（玩家）在横排、竖排、斜排已有两个棋子，如果剩下的位置没有棋子，则下在此处
3）如果以上情况都没有那么中间优先下，没有则下四角，如果都没有空位，那么随机下。
下面是实现：
int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{int i = 0, j = 0, m = 1,n = 1;printf("电脑输入\n");while(i < row)//判断电脑是否有两个{if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' '){board[i][2] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' '){board[i][1] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' '){board[i][0] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == ' '){board[2][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == ' '){board[1][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[0][j] == ' '){board[0][j] = '#';return 1;}i++;j++;}i = 0;j = 0;while (i < col)//判断玩家是否有两个{if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' '){board[i][2] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' '){board[i][1] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' '){board[i][0] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == ' '){board[2][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == ' '){board[1][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[0][j] == ' '){board[0][j] = '#';return 1;}i++;j++;}if (board[1][1] == ' ')//中间{board[1][1] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[1][1] != ' ')//四角{if (board[0][0] == ' '){board[0][0] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[0][2] == ' '){board[0][2] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[2][0] == ' '){board[2][0] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[2][2] == ' '){board[2][2] = '#';return 1;}}else//随机{int x, y;while (1){x = rand() % row + 1;y = rand() % col + 1;if (board[x][y] == ' '){board[x][y] = '#';break;}}return 1;}
}这样一个困难的电脑就产生了。
4.判断输赢
我们需要在每次下棋（玩家或电脑）后进行判断输赢，如果玩家有三颗棋子连在一起，则玩家赢，如果电脑有三颗连在一起则电脑赢，如果棋盘满了也没有输赢则平局。
如果赢了或者平局则返回0，在game里判断是否返回0，如果是则结束本场游戏
下面是实现：
InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);//初始化棋盘
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘
while (1)
{PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);//玩家下棋DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢if (ret == 0)break;ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);//电脑下棋DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢if (ret == 0)break;
}int who_win(char board[ROW][COL],int row, int col)
{int i, j, count = 0;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*'){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#'){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}}for (i = 0; i < col; i++){if (board[0][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == '*'){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if (board[0][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == '#'){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}}if ((board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][2] == '*') || (board[0][2] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == '*')){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if ((board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][2] == '#') || (board[0][2] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == '#')){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){if (board[i][j] != ' '){count++;}}}if (count == row * col){printf("平局了\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}return 1;
}还有难度的选择，判断即可，下面是源代码（我是分文件写的）：
主文件：
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include "game.h"
void menu()
{printf("**********************************************\n");printf("************ 1.play ************\n");printf("************ 0.exit ************\n");printf("**********************************************\n");
}void game()
{int ret = 1;int n = 0;char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };printf("请选择难度(0.简单/1.困难):");scanf("%d", &n);if (n == 0){InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);//初始化棋盘DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//打印棋盘while (1){PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);//玩家下棋DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//棋盘ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢if (ret == 0)break;ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);//电脑下棋DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);//棋盘ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);//判断输赢if (ret == 0)break;}}else if (n == 1){InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);while (1){PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);if (ret == 0)break;ComputerMove1(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);if (ret == 0)break;}}else{printf("输入错误，默认选简单\n");InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);while (1){PlayMove(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);if (ret == 0)break;ComputerMove0(board, ROW, COL);DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);ret = who_win(board, ROW, COL);if (ret == 0)break;}}
}
int main()
{srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));int input = 0;do{menu();printf("请输入(1/0):");scanf("%d", &input);switch (input){case 1:printf("开始游戏\n");game();break;case 0:printf("退出游戏\n");break;default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入\n");break;}} while (input);return 0;
}game.h头文件：
#pragma once
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include
#include
#include
#include #define ROW 3
#define COL 3void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
int who_win(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); game.cpp存放函数实现的文件：
#include "game.h"void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//初始化棋盘
{int i, j;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){board[i][j] = ' ';}}
}void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//打印棋盘
{int i, j;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);if (j < col - 1){printf("|");}}printf("\n");if (i < row - 1){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){printf("---");if (j < col - 1){printf("|");}}}printf("\n");}
}void PlayMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//玩家下棋
{int x, y;printf("玩家输入\n");while (1){printf("请输入坐标:");scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);if (x > 0 && x <= row && y > 0 && y <= col&&board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' '){board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';break;}else if (x <= 0 || x > row || y <= 0 || y > col){printf("坐标非法，请重新输入\n");}else if (board[x - 1][y - 1] != ' '){printf("该坐标已被占用，请选择其他坐标\n");}}
}void ComputerMove0(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//简单电脑
{Sleep(200);printf("电脑下棋\n");int x, y;while (1){x = rand() % row + 1;y = rand() % col + 1;if (board[x][y] == ' '){board[x][y] = '#';break;}}
}int ComputerMove1(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)//困难电脑
{int i = 0, j = 0, m = 1,n = 1;printf("电脑输入\n");while(i < row){if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' '){board[i][2] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' '){board[i][1] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' '){board[i][0] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == ' '){board[2][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[1][j] == ' '){board[1][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[1][j] == '#' && board[2][j] == '#' && board[0][j] == ' '){board[0][j] = '#';return 1;}i++;j++;}i = 0;j = 0;while (i < col){if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' '){board[i][2] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' '){board[i][1] = '#';return 1;}if (board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' '){board[i][0] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == ' '){board[2][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[0][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[1][j] == ' '){board[1][j] = '#';return 1;}if (board[1][j] == '*' && board[2][j] == '*' && board[0][j] == ' '){board[0][j] = '#';return 1;}i++;j++;}if (board[1][1] == ' '){board[1][1] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[1][1] != ' '){if (board[0][0] == ' '){board[0][0] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[0][2] == ' '){board[0][2] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[2][0] == ' '){board[2][0] = '#';return 1;}else if (board[2][2] == ' '){board[2][2] = '#';return 1;}}else{int x, y;while (1){x = rand() % row + 1;y = rand() % col + 1;if (board[x][y] == ' '){board[x][y] = '#';break;}}return 1;}
}int who_win(char board[ROW][COL],int row, int col)//判断输赢
{int i, j, count = 0;for (i = 0; i < row; i++){if (board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][2] == '*'){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if (board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][2] == '#'){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}}for (i = 0; i < col; i++){if (board[0][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == '*'){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if (board[0][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == '#'){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}}if ((board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][2] == '*') || (board[0][2] == '*' && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == '*')){printf("玩家赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}if ((board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][2] == '#') || (board[0][2] == '#' && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == '#')){printf("电脑赢\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}for (i = 0; i < row; i++){for (j = 0; j < col; j++){if (board[i][j] != ' '){count++;}}}if (count == row * col){printf("平局了\n");Sleep(2000);system("cls");return 0;}return 1;
}以上就是三子棋的全部内容了。
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