0、引言

单片机：STM32F407ZGT6；
仿真器：ST Link V2；
开发环境：STM32CubeIDE 1.10.1；
功能说明：使用单片机串口进行一次基础收发功能测试。

前情提要：
STM32Cube学习（1）——点灯&配置
STM32Cube学习（2）——定时器中断
STM32Cube学习（3）——ADC

参考资料：
【STM32】HAL库 STM32CubeMX教程四—UART串口通信详解
STM32F4数据手册

1、STM32CubeIDE配置

1.1、基础配置

配置时钟

配置下载调试端口

1.2、串口配置

选择USART1——》PA9/Tx；PA10/Rx。

模式配置为Asynchronous异步通信

波特率：115200
字长：8 Bit
校验：None
停止位：1

在下方的设置为
数据方向Receive and Transmit收发模式
过采样16 Samples留坑

同时打开相应通道的中断使能

勾选 Generate peripheral initialization as a pair…

2、添加代码

以下代码参考CSDN博主‘Z小旋’，在此表示感谢

/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include 
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
#define RXBUFFERSIZE  256
/* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
char RxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];
uint8_t aRxBuffer;			//接收中断缓冲
uint8_t Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;		//接收缓冲计数
/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1);/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 72;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{/* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */UNUSED(huart);/* NOTE: This function Should not be modified, when the callback is needed,the HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback could be implemented in the user file*/if(Uart1_Rx_Cnt >= 255)  //溢出判断{Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;memset(RxBuffer,0x00,sizeof(RxBuffer));HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)"数据溢出", 10,0xFFFF);}else{RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt++] = aRxBuffer;   //接收数据转存if((RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-1] == 0x0A)&&(RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-2] == 0x0D)) //判断结束位{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&RxBuffer, Uart1_Rx_Cnt,0xFFFF); //将收到的信息发送出去while(HAL_UART_GetState(&huart1) == HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY_TX){}//检测UART发送结束Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;memset(RxBuffer,0x00,sizeof(RxBuffer)); //清空数组}}HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1);   //再开启接收中断
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */

3、运行测试

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