在Linu系统中收集硬件和系统信息
显示硬件信息
Dmidecode
Dmidecode 可以读取硬件信息, 直接输入 sudo dmidecode 会输出大量信息, 可以按照下面的表格分类显示
# 显示BIOS信息sudo dmidecode -t 0支持的类型
Type | Descritpion---- | --------------------------0 | BIOS1 | System2 | Base Board3 | Chassis4 | Processor5 | Memory Controller6 | Memory Module7 | Cache8 | Port Connector9 | System Slots10 | On Board Devices11 | OEM Strings12 | System Configuration Options13 | BIOS Language14 | Group Associations15 | System Event Log16 | Physical Memory Array17 | Memory Device18 | 32-bit Memory Error19 | Memory Array Mapped Address20 | Memory Device Mapped Address21 | Built-in Pointing Device22 | Portable Battery23 | System Reset24 | Hardware Security25 | System Power Controls26 | Voltage Probe27 | Cooling Device28 | Temperature Probe29 | Electrical Current Probe30 | Out-of-band Remote Access31 | Boot Integrity Services32 | System Boot33 | 64-bit Memory Error34 | Management Device35 | Management Device Component36 | Management Device Threshold Data37 | Memory Channel38 | IPMI Device39 | Power Supplylshw
lshw(Hardware Lister)是另外一个可以查看硬件信息的工具, 不仅如此, 它还可以用来做一些硬件的benchmark. 这个工具其实就是用/proc里面读取一些文件来显示相关的信息, 它用到了如下文件和目录:
Path
Description
/proc/cpuinfo
显示CPU信息
/proc/bus/pci
显示pci信息
/proc/scsi
显示scsi信息
/proc/net/dev
显示网络设备信息
/proc/kcore
从内存映像读取相关信息
/proc/ide
显示IDE设备信息
/proc/devices
其他设备
/proc/mounts
当前挂载信息
/proc/fstab
启动时的挂载点
显示帮助
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo lshw -hHardware Lister (lshw) - B.02.16usage: lshw [-format] [-options ...] lshw -version -version print program version (B.02.16)format can be -html output hardware tree as HTML -xml output hardware tree as XML -short output hardware paths -businfo output bus informationoptions can be -class CLASS only show a certain class of hardware -C CLASS same as '-class CLASS' -c CLASS same as '-class CLASS' -disable TEST disable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. ) -enable TEST enable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. ) -quiet don't display status -sanitize sanitize output (remove sensitive information like serial numbers, etc.) -numeric output numeric IDs (for PCI, USB, etc.)显示总线信息
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo lshw -businfoBus info Device Class Description======================================================= system B85M-D2V (To be filled by O.E.M.) bus B85M-D2V memory 64KiB BIOS memory 256KiB L1 cache memory 1MiB L2 cache memory 6MiB L3 cache memory 16GiB System Memory......... scsi0 storage scsi@0:0.0.0 /dev/sda disk 120GB KINGSTON SV300S3scsi@0:0.0.0,1 /dev/sda1 volume 95GiB EXT4 volumescsi@0:0.0.0,2 /dev/sda2 volume 15GiB Extended partition.........# 显示简短的硬件摘要ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo lshw -shortH/W path Device Class Description=====================================================........./0/1/0.0.0 /dev/sda disk 120GB KINGSTON SV300S3/0/1/0.0.0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 95GiB EXT4 volume/0/1/0.0.0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 15GiB Extended partition/0/1/0.0.0/2/5 /dev/sda5 volume 15GiB Linux swap / Solaris partition.........LS系列命令
CPU 信息
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lscpuArchitecture: x86_64CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bitByte Order: Little EndianCPU(s): 4On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3Thread(s) per core: 1Core(s) per socket: 4Socket(s): 1NUMA node(s): 1Vendor ID: GenuineIntelCPU family: 6Model: 60Stepping: 3CPU MHz: 842.691BogoMIPS: 6185.68Virtualization: VT-xL1d cache: 32KL1i cache: 32KL2 cache: 256KL3 cache: 6144KNUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3块设备信息
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 111.8G 0 disk |-sda1 8:1 0 95.9G 0 part /|-sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part `-sda5 8:5 0 15.9G 0 part [SWAP]sdb 8:16 0 465.8G 0 disk |-sdb1 8:17 0 50G 0 part |-sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part |-sdb5 8:21 0 139G 0 part |-sdb6 8:22 0 139G 0 part `-sdb7 8:23 0 137.7G 0 part PCI设备
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lspci00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 4th Gen Core Processor DRAM Controller (rev 06).........USB设备
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lsusbBus 004 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp. Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub.........SCSI 磁盘信息
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lsscsi[0:0:0:0] disk ATA KINGSTON SV300S3 BBF0 /dev/sda [1:0:0:0] disk ATA ST500DM002-1BD14 KC48 /dev/sdb 软件信息
Linux 分发信息
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lsb_release -aNo LSB modules are available.Distributor ID: UbuntuDescription: Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTSRelease: 14.04Codename: trusty内核版本信息
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ uname -aLinux ubuntu 4.2.0-27-generic # 32~14.04.1-Ubuntu ...ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/versionLinux version 4.2.0-27-generic (buildd@lcy01-23) ...杀手级工具
apt-get install inxiinxi -Fxinxi 还有很多参数组合可以用, 具体参考 inxi -h, 下面我举几个栗子:
显示分区的UUID
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ inxi -pluPartition: ID: / size: 95G used: 1.4G (2%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda1 label: N/A uuid: -b3*a-4*04-b*c8-1b0cbf4a ID: swap-1 size: 17.06GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda5 label: N/A uuid: -99*b-4*52-8*dd-85c181e9 显示RAID阵列信息
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ inxi -xx -RRAID: System: supported: N/A No RAID devices detected - /proc/mdstat and md_mod kernel raid module present Unused Devices: none磁盘序列号
inxi -xx -D芯片供应商
inxi -xx -G网络
inxi -xx -i关键字：linux, hardware, 硬件, ubuntu
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