C++计算机二级考试：操作题训练六套试题版

2023-11-23 15:10:55

操作题训练（一）

一、基本操作题

// proj1.cpp
#include
#pragma warning (disable:4996)
using namespace std;class Salary{
public:Salary(const char *id, double the_base, double the_bonus, double the_tax)// ERROR **********found********** : the_base(base), the_bonus(bonus), the_tax(tax){staff_id=new char[strlen(id)+1];strcpy(staff_id,id);}// ERROR **********found********** ~Salary(){ delete *staff_id; }double getGrossPay()const{ return base+bonus; }          //返回应发项合计double getNetPay()const{ return getGrossPay()-tax; }   //返回实发工资额
private:char *staff_id;    //职工号double base;       //基本工资double bonus;      //奖金double tax;        //代扣个人所得税
};int main() {Salary pay("888888", 3000.0, 500.0, 67.50);cout<<"应发合计："< 
二、简单应用题 
 
// proj2.cpp
#include 
using namespace std;class Array {
public:Array(int size)  // 构造函数{
//**********found**********_p = __________;_size = size;}~Array() { delete [] _p; }  // 析构函数void SetValue(int index, int value)  // 设置指定元素的值{if ( IsOutOfRange(index) ) {cerr << "Index out of range!" << endl;return;}
//**********found**********__________;}int GetValue(int index) const  // 获取指定元素的值{if ( IsOutOfRange(index) ) {cerr << "Index out of range!" << endl;return -1;}
//**********found**********__________;}int GetLength() const { return _size; }  // 获取元素个数
private:int *_p;int _size;bool IsOutOfRange(int index) const  // 检查索引是否越界{
//**********found**********if (index < 0 || __________)return true;else return false;}
};int main()
{Array a(10);for (int i = 0; i < a.GetLength(); i++)a.SetValue(i, i+1);for (int j = 0; j <  a.GetLength()-1; j++)cout << a.GetValue(j) << ", ";cout << a.GetValue(a.GetLength()-1) << endl;return 0;
} 
三、综合应用题 
 
//Polynomial.h
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Polynomial{   //“多项式”类
public:Polynomial(double coef[], int num):coef(new double[num]),num_of_terms(num){for(int i=0;icoef[i]=coef[i];}~Polynomial(){ delete[] coef; }//返回指定次数项的系数double getCoefficient(int power)const{ return coef[power]; }//返回在x等于指定值时多项式的值double getValue(double x)const;
private:
//系数数组，coef[0]为0次项（常数项）系数，coef[1]为1次项系数，coef[2]为2次项（平方项）系数，余类推。double *coef;   int num_of_terms;
};
void writeToFile(string path); 
//Polynomial.cpp
#include"Polynomial.h"
double Polynomial::getValue(double x)const{// 多项式的值value为各次项的累加和double value=coef[0];// 用value累计多项式的值，初值为常数项值//********333********//********666********
} 
//proj3.cpp
#include "Polynomial.h"
int main(){double p1[]={5.0, 3.4, -4.0, 8.0}, p2[]={0.0, -5.4, 0.0, 3.0, 2.0};Polynomial  poly1(p1, sizeof(p1)/sizeof(double)),poly2(p2, sizeof(p2)/sizeof(double));cout<<"Value of p1 when x=2.5 : "< 
操作题训练（二） 
一、基本操作题 
 
//proj1.cpp
#include
#pragma warning (disable:4996)
using namespace std;
class Score{
public:Score(const char *the_course, const char *the_id, int the_normal, int the_midterm, int the_end_of_term): course(the_course), normal(the_normal), midterm(the_midterm) , end_of_term(the_end_of_term){// ERROR **********found********** strcpy(the_id,student_id);}const char *getCourse()const{ return course; }      //返回课程名称// ERROR **********found********** const char *getID()const{ return &student_id; } //返回学号int getNormal()const{ return normal; }              //返回平时成绩int getMidterm()const{ return midterm; }            //返回期中考试成绩int getEndOfTerm()const{ return end_of_term; }      //返回期末考试成绩int getFinal()const;                                //返回总评成绩
private:const char *course;     //课程名称char student_id[12];    //学号int normal;             //平时成绩int midterm;            //期中考试成绩int end_of_term;        //期末考试成绩
};
//总评成绩中平时成绩占20%，期中考试占30%，期末考试占50%，最后结果四舍五入为一个整数
// ERROR **********found********** 
int getFinal()const{return (int)(normal*0.2+midterm*0.3+end_of_term*0.5+0.5);
}
int main(){char English[]="英语";Score score(English,"12345678",68,83,92);cout<<"学号："< 
二、简单应用题 
 
//shape.h
class Shape{
public:virtual double perimeter()const { return 0; }    //返回形状的周长virtual double area()const { return 0; }        //返回形状的面积virtual const char* name()const { return "抽象图形"; }   //返回形状的名称
};
class Point{    //表示平面坐标系中的点的类double x;double y;
public:
//**********found**********Point (double x0,double y0):____________________{ }//用x0、y0初始化数据成员x、ydouble getX()const{ return x;}double getY()const{ return y;}
};
class Triangle: public Shape{
//**********found**********_____________________________________ ;   //定义三角形的三个顶点
public:Triangle(Point p1,Point p2,Point p3):point1(p1),point2(p2),point3(p3){}double perimeter()const;     double area()const;          const char* name()const{ return "三角形"; }
}; 
//shape.cpp
#include "shape.h"
#include 
double length(Point p1,Point p2)
{ return sqrt((p1.getX()-p2.getX())*(p1.getX()-p2.getX())+(p1.getY()-p2.getY())*(p1.getY()-p2.getY()));
}
double Triangle::perimeter()const
{   //一个return语句，它利用length函数计算并返回三角形的周长
//**********found**********________________________________________________________________________ ;
}
double Triangle::area()const
{double s=perimeter()/2.0;return sqrt(s*(s-length(point1,point2))*(s-length(point2,point3))*(s-length(point3,point1)));
} 
//proj2.cpp
#include "shape.h"
#include 
using namespace std;
//**********found**********
______________________________  // show函数的函数头（函数体以前的部分）
{cout<<"此图形是一个" << shape->name()<< ",  周长="<perimeter()<< ",  面积="<area()< 
三、综合应用题 
 
//Array.h
#include
using namespace std;
template
class Array {  //数组类
public:Array(Type b[], int mm) {        //构造函数for(int i=0; i=m) {cout<<"下标越界!"< 
//proj3.cpp
#include "Array.h"
//交换数组a中前后位置对称的元素的值
template
void Array::Contrary() {  //补充函数体//********333********//********666********
}
int main(){int s1[5]={1,2,3,4,5};double s2[6]={1.2,2.3,3.4,4.5,5.6,8.4};Array d1(s1,5);  Array d2(s2,6);  int i;d1.Contrary(); d2.Contrary();cout< 
操作题训练（三） 
一、基本操作题 
 
//proj1.cpp
#include
using namespace std;
class ABC {
public: // ERROR **********found**********ABC() {a=0; b=0; c=0;}ABC(int aa, int bb, int cc); void Setab() {++a,++b;}int Sum() {return a+b+c;}
private:int a,b;const int c;};
ABC::ABC(int aa, int bb, int cc):c(cc) {a=aa; b=bb;}
int main()
{ABC x(1,2,3), y(4,5,6); ABC z,*w=&z;w->Setab();// ERROR **********found**********int s1=x.Sum()+y->Sum();cout< 
二、简单应用题 
 
//proj2.cpp
#include 
using namespace std;class Entry {  //链接栈的结点
public:Entry* next;  // 指向下一个结点的指针int data;     // 结点数据//**********found**********Entry(Entry* n, int d) : _______________________, data(d) { }
};class Stack {Entry* top;
public:Stack() : top(0) { }~Stack(){while (top != 0) {Entry* tmp = top;//**********found**********top = _______________________;  // 让top指向下一个结点delete tmp;}}void push(int data)  // 入栈
//push函数是把入栈数据放入新结点中，并使之成为栈顶结点，原来的结点成为新结点的下一个结点{//**********found**********top = new Entry(_______________________, data);}int pop(){if (top == 0) return 0;//**********found**********int result = _______________________;  // 保存栈顶结点中的数据top = top->next;return result;}
};int main()
{int a[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };Stack s;int i = 0;for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {cout << a[i] << ' ';s.push(a[i]);}cout << endl;for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {cout << s.pop() << ' ';}cout << endl;return 0;
} 
三、综合应用题 
 
//Array.h
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;template
class Array {  //数组类
public:Array(Type b[], int mm):size(mm) {     //构造函数if(size<2) {cout<<"数组长度太小，退出运行!"; exit(1);}a=new Type[size];for(int i=0; i=size) {cout<<"下标越界!"< 
//proj3.cpp
#include
#include "Array.h"
using namespace std;
//由a和b带回数组a中最小的两个值
template
void Array::MinTwo(Type& x1, Type& x2) const {  //补充完整函数体的内容a[0]<=a[1]? (x1=a[0],x2=a[1]): (x1=a[1],x2=a[0]);//********333********//********666********
}
int main() {int s1[8]={29,20,33,12,18,66,25,14};Array d1(s1,8);  int i,a,b;d1.MinTwo(a,b);cout< 
操作题训练（四） 
一、基本操作题 
 
//proj1.cpp
#include 
using namespace std;
class AAA {int a[10]; int n; 
//ERROR **********found**********
private: AAA(int aa[], int nn): n(nn) {//ERROR **********found**********for(int i=0; i 
二、简单应用题 
 
//proj2.cpp
#include
using namespace std;
class Base
{public:Base(int m1,int m2) { mem1=m1; mem2=m2;}int sum(){return mem1+mem2;}private:int mem1,mem2;    //基类的数据成员
};// 派生类Derived从基类Base公有继承
//*************found**************
class Derived: _______________
{
public://构造函数声明Derived(int m1,int m2, int m3); //sum函数定义，要求返回mem1、mem2和mem3之和//*************found**************int sum(){ return _____________+mem3;}
private:int mem3;         //派生类本身的数据成员
};//构造函数的类外定义,要求由m1和m2分别初始化mem1和mem2，由m3初始化mem3
//**********found**********
____________Derived(int m1, int m2, int m3):
//**********found**********
____________, mem3(m3){} int main() {Base a(4,6);Derived b(10,15,20);int sum=a.sum()+b.sum(); cout<<"sum="< 
三、综合应用题 
 
//MinString.h
#include 
#include 
#pragma warning (disable:4996)
using namespace std;class MiniString
{
public:MiniString(const char* s){str=new char[strlen(s)+1];strcpy(str,s);}~MiniString() { delete[] str; }MiniString& append(char *p,int n);      //将char*数组p的前n个字符添加到现有字符串char* getStr() const { return str; }friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& o,MiniString& s)        //输出字符串str{int len=strlen(s.str);for(int i=0;i 
//proj3.cpp
#include "MiniString.h"
#pragma warning (disable:4996)
MiniString& MiniString::append(char *p, int n)
{MiniString temp(str);delete[] str;str = new char [strlen(temp.str)+n+1];//********333********//********666********str[strlen(temp.str)+n] = '\0';return *this;
}int main()
{MiniString mStr("I am learning C++");char iStr[]=" and Java";cout << "Initial strings:\n";cout << "MiniString: " << mStr << endl;cout << "char*: " << iStr << endl << endl;cout << "Append char* into MiniString:\n";mStr.append(iStr,7);cout << mStr << endl;writeToFile(".\\");return 0;
} 
操作题训练（五） 
一、基本操作题 
 
//proj1.cpp
#include 
using namespace std;
class Clock
{
public:Clock(unsigned long i = 0);void set(unsigned long i = 0);void print() const;void tick();          // 时间前进一秒Clock operator++();
private:unsigned long total_sec,seconds,minutes,hours,days;
};
Clock::Clock(unsigned long i) : total_sec(i), seconds(i % 60),minutes((i / 60) % 60),hours((i / 3600) % 24),days(i / 86400) {}
void Clock::set(unsigned long i)
{total_sec = i;seconds = i % 60;minutes = (i / 60) % 60;hours = (i / 3600) % 60;days = i / 86400;
}
// ERROR **********found********** 
void Clock::print()
{cout << days << " d : " << hours << " h : " << minutes << " m : " << seconds << " s" << endl;
}
void Clock::tick()
{// ERROR **********found**********set(total_sec++);
}
Clock Clock::operator ++()
{tick();// ERROR **********found**********return this;
}
int main()
{Clock ck(59);cout << "Initial times are" << endl;ck.print();++ck;cout << "After one second times are" << endl;ck.print();return 0;
} 
二、简单应用题 
 
//proj2.cpp
#include 
using namespace std;
class Point      //定义坐标点类
{public:Point(int xx=0, int yy=0) {x=xx; y=yy;} void PrintP(){cout<<"Point:("< 
三、综合应用题 
 
//Array.h
#include
#include
using namespace std;template
class Array {  //数组类Type *a;int size;
public:Array(Type b[], int len): size(len) //构造函数{        if(len<1 || len>100) {cout<<"参数值不当!\n"; exit(1);}a=new Type[size];for(int i=0; i 
//proj3.cpp
#include"Array.h"
//统计出数组a中大于等于x的元素个数
template
int Array::Count(Type x) {  //补充函数体//********333********//********666********
}
void main(){int s1[8]={20, 13, 36, 45, 32, 16, 38, 60};double s2[5]={3.2, 4.9, 7.3, 5.4, 8.5};Array d1(s1,8);  Array d2(s2,5);  int k1, k2;k1=d1.Count(30); k2=d2.Count(5);cout< 
操作题训练（六） 
一、基本操作题 
 
//proj1.cpp
#include
#include
using namespace std;class Point{double x,y;
public:// ERROR **********found**********Point(double m=0.0, double n=0.0):m(x), n(y){}friend double distanceBetween(const Point& p1, const Point& p2);
};
// ERROR **********found**********
double Point::distanceBetween(const Point& p1, const Point& p2){//返回两点之间的距离double dx=p1.x-p2.x;double dy=p1.y-p2.y;return sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
}int main(){Point f1(0,0), f2(1,1);// ERROR **********found**********cout< 
二、简单应用题 
 
//proj2.cpp
#include
using namespace std;class Switchable{   //具有开、关两种状态的设备bool is_on;     //为 ture 表示“开”，为 false 表示“关”
public:Switchable(): is_on(false){}void switchOn(){ is_on=true; }  //置为“开”状态//**********found**********void switchOff(){_________________________________}//置为“关”状态bool isOn(){ return is_on; }    //返回设备状态//**********found**********virtual const char *getDeviceName()__________;   //返回设备名称的纯虚函数
};class Lamp: public Switchable{
public://返回设备名称，用于覆盖基类中的纯虚函数const char *getDeviceName(){ return "Lamp"; }
};class Button{       //按钮Switchable *device; //按钮控制的设备
public://**********found**********Button(Switchable &dev): _______________{}  //用参数变量的地址初始化devicebool isOn(){ return device->isOn(); }   //按钮状态void push(){                            //按一下按钮改变状态if(isOn()) device->switchOff();//**********found**********else ___________________________}
};int main(){Lamp lamp;Button button(lamp);cout<<"灯的状态："<<(lamp.isOn()? "开" : "关")< 
三、综合应用题 
 
//MinString.h
#include 
#include 
#pragma warning (disable:4996)
using namespace std;class MiniString
{
public:MiniString(const char* s){str = new char[strlen(s)+1];strcpy(str,s);}~MiniString() { delete[] str; }//删除从pos处开始的n个字符，然后在pos处插入字符串pMiniString& replace(int pos,int n,char *p); char* getStr() const { return str; }friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& o,MiniString& s);       //输出字符串str
private:char *str;
};void writeToFile(const char *); 
//proj3.cpp
#include "MiniString.h"
#pragma warning (disable:4996)ostream& operator<<(ostream& o,MiniString& s)
{int len=strlen(s.str);for(int i=0;i                        
                        
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