画图: Python画矩形框
实际效果：
1. 核心函数：patches.Rectangle()
参数分别是：左下角顶点坐标，width即向右，height即向上，facecolor='none'会只有框，本身 没颜色
2. 我要画多个矩形
直接currentAxis.add_patch(rect)，最后plt.show()
3. 设置坐标轴刻度范围：plt.xticks(range(155000,245000,3000),range(155,245,3))
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches x = np.arange(155000,245000)sample = val_data[6,:,0].numpy()plt.figure()plt.plot(x,sample)currentAxis = plt.gca()num = begin # 155000for kk in label_1:if int(kk) == 1:rect = patches.Rectangle((num,0),1000,0.01,linestyle = 'dotted',edgecolor = 'r',facecolor = 'none')else:rect = patches.Rectangle((num,0),1000,0.005,linestyle = 'dotted',edgecolor = 'g',facecolor = 'none')currentAxis.add_patch(rect)num += 1000plt.xlabel('f(Hz)')plt.ylabel('Amplitude(V)')plt.xticks(range(155000,245000,3000),range(155,245,3)) # 设置坐标刻度，前面是刻度实际宽度，后面是显示出来的文字plt.show()4. 图例+坐标轴+刻度值 字体和大小的调整
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import mathx = np.arange(0,1,0.001)
y = x
y1 = [2/(1+math.sqrt(1+8*0.8/(i**2))) for i in x]
y2 = [2/(1+math.sqrt(1+8*0.02/(i**2))) for i in x]
y3 = [2/(1+math.sqrt(1+8*0.005/(i**2))) for i in x]loc1,loc2 = 0,0
for i in range(len(x)):if y2[i]5. 绘制茎叶图（杆图）plt.stem()
x = [1,2,3]
y = [4,5,6]
plt.stem(x,y)
plt.show()
6. 三维散点图，颜色代表数值大小
画图技巧：若一个图太密，可视化后不好看，就采样可视化
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d")
ax.set_xlabel("Lat")
ax.set_ylabel("Long")
ax.set_zlabel("Height")
x= [1,2,3,4]
y = [8,6,3,5]
z = [4,6,2,3]
density = [9,5,2,7]
ax.scatter(x, y, z, c=density)
plt.show()
plt.savefig(f'./{a}.png')
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