| #3.1.3 交互数据可视化 |
| #plotly是个交互式可视化的第三方库 |
| #http://plot.ly/ |
|
| plot_ly(x,y,type) #通过设置其中的参数type来变换图表类型 |
|
| ## 读取数据 ## |
| rm(list = ls()) |
| # install.packages("plotly") |
| library(plotly) #实现交互可视化 |
| # install.packages(plyr) |
| library(plyr) |
| # install.packages("reshape") |
| library(reshape) |
|
| #本章节所用例子数据 |
| load("AAPL.rda") |
| load("pm2.5.rda") |
| novel = read.csv("novel.csv", fileEncoding = "UTF-8", stringsAsFactors = F) |
| names(beijing) = iconv(names(beijing), "utf-8", "gbk") # 解决Windows用户中文乱码问题，Mac用户可跳过 |
| head(AAPL) |
| head(beijing) |
|
|
| ### 单个变量 ### |
|
| ## 柱状图 ## |
| #(1)单个定性变量--柱状图 |
| plot_ly(x,y,type="bar")#绘出柱状图 |
| #例： |
| (region = colnames(beijing)) |
| (ave = colMeans(beijing, na.rm = TRUE)) |
| (p = plot_ly(x = region, y = ave, type = "bar")) |
|
| #通过marker中的color可以用来设置柱子对应的颜色 |
| #将想要的颜色的RGB值以及alpha透明度值输入rgba就可以达到目的 |
| #例： |
| (p = plot_ly(x = region, y = ave, type = "bar", |
| marker = list(color = c('rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(204,204,204,1)', |
| 'rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(204,204,204,1)', |
| 'rgba(204,204,204,1)', 'rgba(222,45,38,0.8)')) |
| )) |
|
|
| ## 饼图 ## |
| #(2)单个定性变量--饼图 |
| plot_ly(pieData, values = ~ value, labels = ~ group, type = "pie") |
| #labels 用来设置类别名称，values用来指定类别的频数 |
| #例： |
| (pieData = data.frame(value = c(10, 30, 40), group = c("A", "B", "C"))) |
| (p = plot_ly(pieData, values = ~ value, labels = ~ group, type = "pie")) |
|
| layout()#调整布局 |
| #例： |
| layout(p, |
| xaxis = list(showgrid = FALSE, zeroline = FALSE, showticklabels = FALSE), |
| yaxis = list(showgrid = FALSE, zeroline = FALSE, showticklabels = FALSE)) |
| #xaxis,yaxis用来修整横纵坐标轴 |
| #showgrid设置为FALSE用来去除图后面的网格线 |
| #zeroline设置为FALSE用来不显示横（纵）坐标的坐标轴 |
| #showticklabels设置为FALSE用来擦掉原先分布在坐标轴上的数字 |
|
|
| ## 直方图 ## |
| #(3)单个定量变量--直方图 |
| head(AAPL) |
| plot_ly(AAPL, x = ~ Volume, type = "histogram")#表示将Volume变量映射到x轴上 |
|
| # 增加坐标轴及标题信息 |
| p = plot_ly(AAPL, x = ~ Volume, type = "histogram") |
| #设置图形的标题和横纵轴内容需要另外采用layout()来单独定义 |
| layout(p, |
| title = "苹果股票成交量分布直方图", |
| xaxis = list( title = "股票成交量", showgrid = F), |
| yaxis = list( title = "频数"), |
| margin = list(l = 50, r = 50, b = 50, t = 50, pad = 4) |
| ) |
| #margin增加了对图形左右下上边界的限制 |
|
|
| ## 折线图 ## |
| #(4)单个定量变量--折线图 |
| plot_ly(mat, x = ~ Date, y = ~ AAPL, type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines') |
| #关键参数在于设置type="scatter",mode="lines" |
|
| # 苹果公司股价变化图，Date为时间，Adj.Close为股票每日的调整收盘价 |
| mat = data.frame(Date = AAPL$Date, |
| AAPL = round(AAPL$Adj.Close, 2)) |
| p = plot_ly(mat, x = ~ Date, y = ~ AAPL, type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines') |
| layout(p, xaxis = list(title = " ", showticklabels = TRUE, tickfont = list(size = 8))) |
|
|
| # 文中小作业：添加发布会日期(page157) |
| # 添加苹果发布会日期，其中%>%为管道符号，符号前面的结果可以作为符号后面函数的第一个参数输入 |
| apple = data.frame(Date = AAPL$Date, |
| price = round(AAPL$Adj.Close, 2)) |
| rownames(apple) = AAPL$Date |
|
| annouced = c("2010-06-07", "2011-10-04", "2012-09-12", "2013-09-10", "2014-09-09", "2015-09-09", "2016-09-08") |
| product = c("iPhone 4", "iPhone 4s", "iPhone 5", "iPhone 5s", "iPhone 6", "iPhone 6s", "iPhone 7") |
| (p = plot_ly(apple,x = ~ Date) %>% |
| add_trace(y = ~ price, type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines', name = "股票价格") %>% |
| add_trace(x = annouced, y = apple[annouced, "price"], type = 'scatter', mode = 'text', text = product, textposition = 'down', showlegend = FALSE ) %>% |
| add_trace(x = annouced, y = apple[annouced, "price"], type = 'scatter', mode = 'markers', name = "发布会" ) %>% |
| layout(title = "苹果股票价格与新苹果手机的发布", |
| xaxis = list(title = " ", showticklabels = TRUE, tickfont = list(size = 8)), |
| yaxis = list(title = "调整收盘价（美元）"), |
| margin = list(l = 50, r = 50, b = 50, t = 50, pad = 4))) |
|
|
|
| ### 两个变量 ### |
|
| ## 箱线图 ## |
| #(5)定性与定量变量--分组箱线图 |
| plot_ly(novel_finish, y = ~ 总字数, color = ~ 小说类型, type = "box") |
|
| |
| #例： |
| # 选择已经完成小说 |
| novel_finish = novel[novel$写作进程 %in% c("已经完本", "接近尾声", "出版中"), ] |
| medi = ddply(novel_finish, .(小说类型), function(x) {median(x$总字数)}) |
| medi = medi[order(medi$V1, decreasing = T), ] |
| novel_finish$小说类型 = factor(novel_finish$小说类型, levels = medi$小说类型) |
| (p = plot_ly(novel_finish, y = ~ 总字数, color = ~ 小说类型, type = "box")) |
|
| ## 散点图 ## |
| #(6)两个定量变量--散点图 |
| (p = plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 总点击数, y = ~ 评论数, type = "scatter", mode = "markers")) |
|
|
| ## 分组箱线图 ## |
| #(7)两个定性变量--分组柱状图 |
| plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 小说类型, color = ~ 小说性质, type = "histogram") |
| #画分组柱状图应设置type="histogram" |
|
| #例： |
| novel = novel[!novel$小说性质 == "", ] |
| p = plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 小说类型, color = ~ 小说性质, type = "histogram") |
| layout(p, |
| title = "不同小说的作品类型分布", |
| xaxis = list( title = "小说类型", showgrid = F, showticklabels = TRUE, tickfont = list(size = 10)), |
| yaxis = list( title = "频数"), |
| margin = list(l = 50, r = 50, b = 50, t = 50, pad = 4) |
| ) |
|
|
|
|
|
| ###################################################### |
| #总结# |
|
| library(plotly) #实现交互可视化 |
| library(plyr) |
| library(reshape) |
|
| plot_ly(x,y,type) #通过设置其中的参数type来变换图表类型 |
|
| ### 单个变量 ### |
| #(1)单个定性变量--柱状图 |
| plot_ly(x,y,type="bar")#绘出柱状图 |
| rgba() #设置柱子颜色以及透明度 |
|
| #(2)单个定性变量--饼图 |
| plot_ly(pieData, values = ~ value, labels = ~ group, type = "pie")#labels 用来设置类别名称，values用来指定类别的频数 |
| layout()#调整布局，隐藏横纵轴 |
|
| #(3)单个定量变量--直方图 |
| plot_ly(AAPL, x = ~ Volume, type = "histogram") |
| layout()#设置图形的标题和横纵轴内容需要另外采用layout()来单独定义 |
|
| #(4)单个定量变量--折线图 |
| plot_ly(mat, x = ~ Date, y = ~ AAPL, type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines')#关键参数在于设置type="scatter",mode="lines" |
|
| ### 两个变量 ### |
|
| #(5)定性与定量变量--分组箱线图 |
| plot_ly(novel_finish, y = ~ 总字数, color = ~ 小说类型, type = "box") |
|
| #(6)两个定量变量--散点图 |
| plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 总点击数, y = ~ 评论数, type = "scatter", mode = "markers") |
|
| #(7)两个定性变量--分组柱状图 |
| plot_ly(novel, x = ~ 小说类型, color = ~ 小说性质, type = "histogram")#画分组柱状图应设置type="histogram" |
|
| ###################################################### |
