如何获取Android设备唯一识别码

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如果我们想唯一识别一台Android设备，就需要获取设备的唯一识别码。怎么获取呢？

下面是Android设备一些可供选择的唯一识别码及其适用范围：

IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity Number，国际移动设备识别码)

• 用于在手机网络中识别每一部独立的手机
• 对于不在手机网络的设备（如Android平板），就不能使用IMEI来识别。

IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity，国际移动用户识别码)

• 它是在公众陆地移动电话网（PLMN）中用于唯一识别移动用户的一个号码，在GSM网络，这个号码通常被存放在SIM卡中
• 跟IMEI一样，对于不在手机网络的设备就不能使用IMSI来识别。

Android ID

• 64位的十六进制字符串，设备首次启动时会随时生成
• 如果设备恢复了出厂设置，这个值可能会改变
• 设备root了之后，这个值可以手动修改
• Android 2.2发现bug，部分设备具有相同Android ID（9774d56d682e549c），模拟器的Android ID也是这个
• 这个值有时会为null
• 一般不推荐使用

Java private String androidId = Secure.getString(getContext().getContentResolver(),Secure.ANDROID_ID);

1 2	private String androidId = Secure . getString ( getContext ( ) . getContentResolver ( ) ,      Secure . ANDROID_ID ) ;

Device ID

• 唯一的设备ID，如GSM网络的IMEI，CDMA网络的MEID / ESN，可能返回null（API文档的描述）
• 只对手机设备有效，对于不在手机网络的设备，会返回null
• 获取到的Device ID值，即使设备恢复出厂设置也不会改变
• 需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限
• 某些设备的Device ID实现有bug，会返回0或*

Java TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE); String deviceId = tm.getDeviceId();

1 2	TelephonyManager tm = ( TelephonyManager ) getSystemService ( TELEPHONY_SERVICE ) ; String deviceId = tm . getDeviceId ( ) ;

Serial Number

• 从Android 2.3开始（API level 9），可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取
• 需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限

WiFi MAC  Address

• 不是所有Android设备都有WiFi
• 对于有WiFi的设备，如果WiFi没有开启，可能获取不了WiFi MAC地址
• 需要ACCESS_WIFI_STATE权限

Java WifiManager wm = (WifiManager)Context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); String wifiMac = wm.getConnectionInfo().getMacAddress();

1 2	WifiManager wm = ( WifiManager ) Context . getSystemService ( Context . WIFI_SERVICE ) ; String wifiMac = wm . getConnectionInfo ( ) . getMacAddress ( ) ;

BlueTooth MAC Address

• 如果没有开启BlueTooth，可能获取不了BlueTooth MAC地址
• 需要BLUETOOTH权限

Java BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = null; // Local Bluetooth adapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); String bluetoothMac = bluetoothAdapter.getAddress();

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BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = null ;    // Local Bluetooth adapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter . getDefaultAdapter ( ) ; String bluetoothMac = bluetoothAdapter . getAddress ( ) ;

UUID（Universally unique identifier，通用唯一标识符）

Java // 方法1 public class Installation {private static String sID = null;private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION";public synchronized static String id(Context context) {if (sID == null) { File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION);try {if (!installation.exists())writeInstallationFile(installation);sID = readInstallationFile(installation);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}return sID;}private static String readInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, "r");byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) f.length()];f.readFully(bytes);f.close();return new String(bytes);}private static void writeInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation);String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();out.write(id.getBytes());out.close();} }

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// 方法1 public class Installation {      private static String sID = null ;      private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION" ;      public synchronized static String id ( Context context ) {          if ( sID == null ) {                 File installation = new File ( context . getFilesDir ( ) , INSTALLATION ) ;              try {                  if ( ! installation . exists ( ) )                      writeInstallationFile ( installation ) ;                  sID = readInstallationFile ( installation ) ;              } catch ( Exception e ) {                  throw new RuntimeException ( e ) ;              }          }          return sID ;      }      private static String readInstallationFile ( File installation ) throws IOException {          RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile ( installation , "r" ) ;          byte [ ] bytes = new byte [ ( int ) f . length ( ) ] ;          f . readFully ( bytes ) ;          f . close ( ) ;          return new String ( bytes ) ;      }      private static void writeInstallationFile ( File installation ) throws IOException {          FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream ( installation ) ;          String id = UUID . randomUUID ( ) . toString ( ) ;          out . write ( id . getBytes ( ) ) ;          out . close ( ) ;      } }

Java // 方法2 TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); final String DeviceId, SerialNum, androidId; DeviceId = tm.getDeviceId(); SerialNum = tm.getSimSerialNumber(); androidId = Secure.getString(getContentResolver(),Secure.ANDROID_ID);UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)DeviceId.hashCode() << 32) | SerialNum.hashCode()); String mydeviceId = deviceUuid.toString(); Log.v("My Id", "Android DeviceId is: " +DeviceId); Log.v("My Id", "Android SerialNum is: " +SerialNum); Log.v("My Id", "Android androidId is: " +androidId);

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// 方法2 TelephonyManager tm = ( TelephonyManager ) getBaseContext ( ) . getSystemService ( Context . TELEPHONY_SERVICE ) ; final String DeviceId , SerialNum , androidId ; DeviceId = tm . getDeviceId ( ) ; SerialNum = tm . getSimSerialNumber ( ) ; androidId = Secure . getString ( getContentResolver ( ) , Secure . ANDROID_ID ) ; UUID deviceUuid = new UUID ( androidId . hashCode ( ) , ( ( long ) DeviceId . hashCode ( ) << 32 ) | SerialNum . hashCode ( ) ) ; String mydeviceId = deviceUuid . toString ( ) ; Log . v ( "My Id" , "Android DeviceId is: " + DeviceId ) ; Log . v ( "My Id" , "Android SerialNum is: " + SerialNum ) ; Log . v ( "My Id" , "Android androidId is: " + androidId ) ;

Java // 方法3 final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); final String tmDevice, tmSerial, androidId; tmDevice = "" + tm.getDeviceId(); tmSerial = "" + tm.getSimSerialNumber(); androidId = "" + android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(getContentResolver(), android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)tmDevice.hashCode() << 32) | tmSerial.hashCode()); String deviceId = deviceUuid.toString();

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// 方法3 final TelephonyManager tm = ( TelephonyManager ) getBaseContext ( ) . getSystemService ( Context . TELEPHONY_SERVICE ) ; final String tmDevice , tmSerial , androidId ; tmDevice = "" + tm . getDeviceId ( ) ; tmSerial = "" + tm . getSimSerialNumber ( ) ; androidId = "" + android . provider . Settings . Secure . getString ( getContentResolver ( ) , android . provider . Settings . Secure . ANDROID_ID ) ; UUID deviceUuid = new UUID ( androidId . hashCode ( ) , ( ( long ) tmDevice . hashCode ( ) << 32 ) | tmSerial . hashCode ( ) ) ; String deviceId = deviceUuid . toString ( ) ;

Java // 方法4 import android.content.Context; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.provider.Settings.Secure; import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.UUID;public class DeviceUuidFactory {protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml";protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id";protected volatile static UUID uuid;public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {if (uuid == null) {synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) {if (uuid == null) {final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_FILE, 0);final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null);if (id != null) {// Use the ids previously computed and stored in the// prefs fileuuid = UUID.fromString(id);} else {final String androidId = Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);// Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case// fallback on deviceId,// unless it's not available, then fallback on a random// number which we store to a prefs filetry {if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) {uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId.getBytes("utf8"));} else {final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)).getDeviceId();uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId.getBytes("utf8")) : UUID.randomUUID();}} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}// Write the value out to the prefs fileprefs.edit().putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString()).commit();}}}}}/*** Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs,* this unique ID is "very highly likely" to be unique across all Android* devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.* * The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate,* falling back on TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to* be incorrect, and finally falling back on a random UUID that's persisted* to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a usable value.* * In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the* device is factory reset a new device ID may be generated. In addition, if* a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android* 2.2 to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change.* Or, if a user uninstalls your app on a device that has neither a proper* Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.* * Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(),* the resulting ID will NOT change after a factory reset. Something to be* aware of.* * Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID* directly.* * @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603* * @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most* purposes.*/public UUID getDeviceUuid() {return uuid;} }

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// 方法4 import android . content . Context ; import android . content . SharedPreferences ; import android . provider . Settings . Secure ; import android . telephony . TelephonyManager ; import java . io . UnsupportedEncodingException ; import java . util . UUID ; public class DeviceUuidFactory {      protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml" ;      protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id" ;      protected volatile static UUID uuid ;      public DeviceUuidFactory ( Context context ) {          if ( uuid == null ) {              synchronized ( DeviceUuidFactory . class ) {                  if ( uuid == null ) {                      final SharedPreferences prefs = context                              . getSharedPreferences ( PREFS_FILE , 0 ) ;                      final String id = prefs . getString ( PREFS_DEVICE_ID , null ) ;                      if ( id != null ) {                          // Use the ids previously computed and stored in the                          // prefs file                          uuid = UUID . fromString ( id ) ;                      } else {                          final String androidId = Secure . getString (                              context . getContentResolver ( ) , Secure . ANDROID_ID ) ;                          // Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case                          // fallback on deviceId,                          // unless it's not available, then fallback on a random                          // number which we store to a prefs file                          try {                              if ( ! "9774d56d682e549c" . equals ( androidId ) ) {                                  uuid = UUID . nameUUIDFromBytes ( androidId                                          . getBytes ( "utf8" ) ) ;                              } else {                                  final String deviceId = (                                      ( TelephonyManager ) context                                      . getSystemService ( Context . TELEPHONY_SERVICE ) )                                      . getDeviceId ( ) ;                                  uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID                                      . nameUUIDFromBytes ( deviceId                                              . getBytes ( "utf8" ) ) : UUID                                      . randomUUID ( ) ;                              }                          } catch ( UnsupportedEncodingException e ) {                              throw new RuntimeException ( e ) ;                          }                          // Write the value out to the prefs file                          prefs . edit ( )                                  . putString ( PREFS_DEVICE_ID , uuid . toString ( ) )                                  . commit ( ) ;                      }                  }              }          }      }      /**      * Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs,      * this unique ID is "very highly likely" to be unique across all Android      * devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.      *      * The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate,      * falling back on TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to      * be incorrect, and finally falling back on a random UUID that's persisted      * to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a usable value.      *      * In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the      * device is factory reset a new device ID may be generated. In addition, if      * a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android      * 2.2 to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change.      * Or, if a user uninstalls your app on a device that has neither a proper      * Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.      *      * Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(),      * the resulting ID will NOT change after a factory reset. Something to be      * aware of.      *      * Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID      * directly.      *      * @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603      *      * @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most      *         purposes.      */      public UUID getDeviceUuid ( ) {          return uuid ;      } }

Java // 方法5 // Here is the code that Reto Meier used in the google I/O presentation this year to get a unique id for the user: private static String uniqueID = null; private static final String PREF_UNIQUE_ID = "PREF_UNIQUE_ID";public synchronized static String id(Context context) {if (uniqueID == null) {SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = context.getSharedPreferences(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);uniqueID = sharedPrefs.getString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, null);if (uniqueID == null) {uniqueID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();Editor editor = sharedPrefs.edit();editor.putString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, uniqueID);editor.commit();}}return uniqueID; }

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// 方法5 // Here is the code that Reto Meier used in the google I/O presentation this year to get a unique id for the user: private static String uniqueID = null ; private static final String PREF_UNIQUE_ID = "PREF_UNIQUE_ID" ; public synchronized static String id ( Context context ) {      if ( uniqueID == null ) {          SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = context . getSharedPreferences (                  PREF_UNIQUE_ID , Context . MODE_PRIVATE ) ;          uniqueID = sharedPrefs . getString ( PREF_UNIQUE_ID , null ) ;          if ( uniqueID == null ) {              uniqueID = UUID . randomUUID ( ) . toString ( ) ;              Editor editor = sharedPrefs . edit ( ) ;              editor . putString ( PREF_UNIQUE_ID , uniqueID ) ;              editor . commit ( ) ;          }      }      return uniqueID ; }

Java // 方法6 String m_szDevIDShort = "35" //we make this look like a valid IMEI+ Build.BOARD.length() % 10+ Build.BRAND.length() % 10+ Build.CPU_ABI.length() % 10+ Build.DEVICE.length() % 10+ Build.DISPLAY.length() % 10+ Build.HOST.length() % 10+ Build.ID.length() % 10+ Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10+ Build.MODEL.length() % 10+ Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10+ Build.TAGS.length() % 10+ Build.TYPE.length() % 10+ Build.USER.length() % 10; //13 digits

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// 方法6 String m_szDevIDShort = "35"    //we make this look like a valid IMEI      + Build . BOARD . length ( ) % 10      + Build . BRAND . length ( ) % 10      + Build . CPU_ABI . length ( ) % 10      + Build . DEVICE . length ( ) % 10      + Build . DISPLAY . length ( ) % 10      + Build . HOST . length ( ) % 10      + Build . ID . length ( ) % 10      + Build . MANUFACTURER . length ( ) % 10      + Build . MODEL . length ( ) % 10      + Build . PRODUCT . length ( ) % 10      + Build . TAGS . length ( ) % 10      + Build . TYPE . length ( ) % 10      + Build . USER . length ( ) % 10 ;    //13 digits

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