linux 上ftp怎么安装教程,linux安装ftp

1、rpm -qa | grep vsftpd 来查看是否安装相应的包

2、如果没有，yum -y install vsftpd 来安装

3、修改配置vsftpd.conf

默认配置

根据默认配置给出中文注释

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd’s

# capabilities.

#

#

# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone

# daemon started from an initscript.

listen=YES (绑定到listen_port指定的端口,既然都绑定了也就是每时都开着的,就是standalone模式)

#

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening

# on the IPv6 “any” address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6

# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6

# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific

# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration

# files.

#listen_ipv6=no

#

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).

anonymous_enable=NO (接受匿名用户，默认无密码请求)

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

local_enable=YES (接受本地用户)

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES (上传总开关)

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd’s)

local_umask=022 (本地用户新增档案的权限)

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES (允许匿名用户上传文件)

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES (允许匿名用户创建新目录)

#

# Activate directory messages – messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES (允许为目录配置显示信息,显示每个目录下面的message_file文件的内容)

#

# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time

# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The

# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this

# option.

use_localtime=YES

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES (开启日记功能 )

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using “root” for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES (所有匿名上传的文件的所属用户将会被更改成chown_username)

#chown_username=whoever (匿名上传文件所属用户名)

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log (日志文件位置 )

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.

# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.

#xferlog_std_format=YES (使用标准格式 )

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600 (空闲连接超时 )

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120 (数据传输超时 )

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure (当服务器运行于最底层时使用的用户名)

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES (允许使用\”async ABOR\”命令,一般不用,容易出问题)

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command “SIZE /big/file” in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

#ascii_upload_enable=YES (管控是否可用ASCII 模式上传。默认值为NO)

#ascii_download_enable=YES (管控是否可用ASCII 模式下载。默认值为NO)

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. (login时显示欢迎信息.如果设置了banner_file则此设置无效)

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES (如果匿名用户需要密码,那么使用banned_email_file里面的电子邮件地址的用户不能登录)

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails (禁止使用匿名用户登陆时作为密码的电子邮件地址)

#

# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for

# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or

# chroot_list_enable below.

chroot_local_user=YES

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

# (Warning! chroot’ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that

# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the

# chroot)

#chroot_local_user=YES

#chroot_list_enable=YES (如果启动这项功能，则所有列在chroot_list_file中的使用者不能更改根目录)

# (default follows)

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list (定义不能更改用户主目录的文件)

#

# You may activate the “-R” option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as “ncftp” and “mirror” assume

# the presence of the “-R” option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES (是否能使用ls -R命令以防止浪费大量的服务器资源)

#

# Customization

#

# Some of vsftpd’s settings don’t fit the filesystem layout by

# default.

#

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the

# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used

# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem

# access.

secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty

#

# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.

pam_service_name=vsftpd (定义PAM 所使用的名称，预设为vsftpd)

#

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL

# encrypted connections.

rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem

rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

ssl_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.

#utf8_filesystem=YES

过滤配置文件多余注释

过滤掉那些注释，以便我们日后修改配置，大家可以删除vsftpd.conf内容，拷贝以下：

anonymous_enable=YES

local_enable=YES

write_enable=YES

local_umask=022

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

dirmessage_enable=YES

xferlog_enable=YES

connect_from_port_20=YES

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

xferlog_std_format=YES

#idle_session_timeout=600

#data_connection_timeout=120

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#async_abor_enable=YES

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#deny_email_enable=YES

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

#chroot_list_enable=YES

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

listen=YES

#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd

userlist_enable=YES

tcp_wrappers=YES

4、修改默认访问

/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf：vsftpd 的核心配置文件，在找到anonymous_enable这个配置项，默认是YES，修改成NO，表示不允许匿名用户登录

/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers：用于指定哪些用户不能访问FTP 服务器。  黑名单，删除root后可以用root登录

/etc/vsftpd/user_list：指定允许使用vsftpd 的用户列表文件。  白名单，删除root后可以用root登录

5、  systemctl start vsftpd.service 启动vsftp服务，

systemctl status vsftpd.service 查看ftp服务的运行状态

systemctl restart vsftpd.service 重启vsftpd服务

6、关闭防火墙

centoos 7操作为systemctl stop firewalld.service

centoos 6操作位service stop iptables;

7、如果报错

进入控住面板-》程序-》启动或关闭Windows功能

勾选，然后确定。

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