安卓智能地图开发：展示三维场景 - ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android

SceneView

Runtime100是用了一个GeoView类作为地图的基类直接继承于ViewGroup，然后MapView和SceneView分别作为二维和三维地图的容器继承于GeoView。

其实把SceneView当做MapView，把ArcGISScene当做ArcGISMap就行，于是我们简单尝试下。首先是在XML文件里添加SceneView：

public class SceneViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private SceneView mSceneView;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_scene_view);mSceneView = (SceneView) findViewById(R.id.sceneview);ArcGISScene arcGISScene = new ArcGISScene();mSceneView.setScene(arcGISScene);}@Overrideprotected void onResume() {super.onResume();mSceneView.resume();}@Overrideprotected void onPause() {super.onPause();mSceneView.pause();}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();mSceneView.dispose();}
}

运行下，看看效果：

可以看出其实SceneView的基本底图就是一个地球，然后我们给它设置个瓦片图层作为底图：

mSceneView = (SceneView) findViewById(R.id.sceneview);ArcGISScene arcGISScene = new ArcGISScene();ArcGISTiledLayer arcGISTiledLayer = new ArcGISTiledLayer("https://services.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/World_Imagery/MapServer");Basemap basemap = new Basemap(arcGISTiledLayer);arcGISScene.setBasemap(basemap);mSceneView.setScene(arcGISScene);

可以看出这其实就是把一个切片图层展示在地球上，可以进行三维操作而已。

展示三维场景（ArcGISScene）

三维通过接近真实世界的角度来可视化数据信息
三维场景的使用类似于MapView和ArcGISMap，二维数据皆可加入三维场景
三维场景不同于二维，其具备高程表面（elevation surface）

无高程表面（elevation surface）

  private SceneView mSceneView;private String brest_buildings = " http://tiles.arcgis.com/tiles/P3ePLMYs2RVChkJx/arcgis/rest/services/Buildings_Brest/SceneServer";@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_scene_layer);mSceneView = (SceneView) findViewById(R.id.sceneView);ArcGISScene scene = new ArcGISScene();scene.setBasemap(Basemap.createImagery());mSceneView.setScene(scene);// add a scene service to the scene for viewing buildingsArcGISSceneLayer sceneLayer = new ArcGISSceneLayer(brest_buildings);scene.getOperationalLayers().add(sceneLayer);// 设置三维场景视角镜头（camera）Camera camera = new Camera(48.378, -4.494, 200, 345, 65, 0);mSceneView.setViewpointCamera(camera);}

使用高程表面（ArcGISTiledElevationSource、RasterElevationSource）

ArcGISTiledElevationSource：将在线服务作为高程表面
RasterElevationSource：将本地DEM文件作为高程表面

  private SceneView mSceneView;private String elevation_image_service = "http://elevation3d.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/WorldElevation3D/Terrain3D/ImageServer";@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_display_scene);mSceneView = (SceneView) findViewById(R.id.sceneView);ArcGISScene scene = new ArcGISScene();scene.setBasemap(Basemap.createImagery());mSceneView.setScene(scene);ArcGISTiledElevationSource elevationSource = new ArcGISTiledElevationSource(elevation_image_service);scene.getBaseSurface().getElevationSources().add(elevationSource);Camera camera = new Camera(28.4, 83.9, 10010.0, 10.0, 80.0, 0.0);mSceneView.setViewpointCamera(camera);}

设置三维场景视角镜头（camera）

纬度（Latitude）、经度（longitude）和高程（elevation）Heading：镜头水平朝向
0度表示指北，从0度逐渐增加，镜头顺时针旋转，360度回到0度指北。Pitch：镜头垂直朝向
0度表示垂直俯视地球，从0度逐渐增加，镜头沿其水平朝向，从俯视地球朝天空旋转，360度回到0度俯视地球。public Camera(double latitude, double longitude, double altitude, double heading, double pitch, double roll)

表面置放模式（LayerSceneProperties.SurfacePlacement）

与二维不同的是，通过GraphicsOverlay添加空间要素时，需要设置表面置放模式，默认为DRAPED。

DRAPED：空间要素紧贴场景表面（surface layer），不考虑空间要素的高程值（Z-values）
ABSOLUTE：空间要素通过其高程值（Z-values）设置距离球体表面（海平面）的高度
RELATIVE：空间要素通过其高程值（Z-values）设置距离场景表面（surface layer）的高度

球体表面和场景表面的差异在于是否使用高程表面，若不使用高程表面ABSOLUTE和RELATIVE在三维场景中展示的位置相同。

 private SceneView mSceneView;private String elevation_image_service = "http://elevation3d.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/WorldElevation3D/Terrain3D/ImageServer";@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_surfac_placement);mSceneView = (SceneView) findViewById(R.id.sceneView);// create a scene and add a basemap to itArcGISScene agsScene = new ArcGISScene();agsScene.setBasemap(Basemap.createImagery());mSceneView.setScene(agsScene);// add base surface for elevation dataArcGISTiledElevationSource elevationSource = new ArcGISTiledElevationSource(elevation_image_service);agsScene.getBaseSurface().getElevationSources().add(elevationSource);// add a camera and initial camera positionCamera camera = new Camera(53.04, -4.04, 1300, 0, 90.0, 0);mSceneView.setViewpointCamera(camera);// create overlays with elevation modesGraphicsOverlay drapedOverlay = new GraphicsOverlay();drapedOverlay.getSceneProperties().setSurfacePlacement(LayerSceneProperties.SurfacePlacement.DRAPED);mSceneView.getGraphicsOverlays().add(drapedOverlay);GraphicsOverlay relativeOverlay = new GraphicsOverlay();relativeOverlay.getSceneProperties().setSurfacePlacement(LayerSceneProperties.SurfacePlacement.RELATIVE);mSceneView.getGraphicsOverlays().add(relativeOverlay);GraphicsOverlay absoluteOverlay = new GraphicsOverlay();absoluteOverlay.getSceneProperties().setSurfacePlacement(LayerSceneProperties.SurfacePlacement.ABSOLUTE);mSceneView.getGraphicsOverlays().add(absoluteOverlay);// create point for graphic locationPoint point = new Point(-4.04, 53.06, 1000, camera.getLocation().getSpatialReference());// create a red (0xFFFF0000) circle symbolSimpleMarkerSymbol circleSymbol = new SimpleMarkerSymbol(SimpleMarkerSymbol.Style.CIRCLE, 0xFFFF0000, 10);// create a text symbol for each elevation modeTextSymbol drapedText = new TextSymbol(10, "DRAPED", 0xFFFFFFFF, TextSymbol.HorizontalAlignment.LEFT,TextSymbol.VerticalAlignment.MIDDLE);TextSymbol relativeText = new TextSymbol(10, "RELATIVE", 0xFFFFFFFF, TextSymbol.HorizontalAlignment.LEFT,TextSymbol.VerticalAlignment.MIDDLE);TextSymbol absoluteText = new TextSymbol(10, "ABSOLUTE", 0xFFFFFFFF, TextSymbol.HorizontalAlignment.LEFT,TextSymbol.VerticalAlignment.MIDDLE);// add the point graphic and text graphic to the corresponding graphics// overlaydrapedOverlay.getGraphics().add(new Graphic(point, circleSymbol));drapedOverlay.getGraphics().add(new Graphic(point, drapedText));relativeOverlay.getGraphics().add(new Graphic(point, circleSymbol));relativeOverlay.getGraphics().add(new Graphic(point, relativeText));absoluteOverlay.getGraphics().add(new Graphic(point, circleSymbol));absoluteOverlay.getGraphics().add(new Graphic(point, absoluteText));}

PortalItem

mSceneView = findViewById(R.id.sceneView);// get the portal url and portal item from ArcGIS onlinePortal portal = new Portal("http://www.arcgis.com/", false);PortalItem portalItem = new PortalItem(portal, "a13c3c3540144967bc933cb5e498b8e4");ArcGISScene scene = new ArcGISScene(portalItem);mSceneView.setScene(scene);

三维场景中的可视化

三维场景（SceneView 、ArcGISScene）中具备更多的符号化方式来传递信息，包括SimpleMarkerSceneSymbol、ModelMarkerSymbol、DistanceCompositeSceneSymbol以及空间要素拉伸。

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