成人自考-英语二-代词、数词、冠词
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文章目录
- 一、代词
- 1.指代人
- (1)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
- 2.指代物
- (1)指示代词
- 3.指代关系
- (1)相互代词
- (2)不定代词
- 4.关系代词
- 5.疑问代词
- 二、数词
- 1.数词分类
- 2.分数表示法
- 三、冠词
- 1.冠词分类
- (1)不定冠词
- (2)定冠词
- (3)零冠词
一、代词
1.指代人
(1)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
For example：
I love money.
The students love me.
My name is Brian.
The money is mine.
I beat myself.
2.指代物
(1)指示代词
1.单数（this这个 / that那个）
2.复数（these这些 / those那些）
I want this / these.
You buy me this / these.
3.指代关系
(1)相互代词
We often help each other on our lessons.
(2)不定代词
| some | any | no | every | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| thing | something | anything | nothing | everything |
| one | someone | anyone | none | everyone |
| where | somewhere | anywhere | nowhere | everywhere |
| body | somebody | anybody | nobody | everybody |
4.关系代词
who、whom、whose、which、that、as
关系副词
where、why、when
5.疑问代词
who、whom、whose、which、what
who 跟 whom的区别：
whom做的是宾格。
who可以做主语/宾语
二、数词
1.数词分类
基数词：one, two, three
序数词：first, second, third
There are three apples, but I only want to eat the third one.
| 基数词 | 序数词 | |
|---|---|---|
| one | first | 1st |
| two | second | 2nd |
| three | third | 3rd |
| four | fourth | 4th |
| five | fifth | 5th |
| six | sixth | 6th |
| seven | seventh | 7th |
| eight | eighth | 8th |
| nine | ninth | 9th |
| ten | tenth | 10th |
| eleven | eleventh | 11th |
| twelve | twelfth | 12th |
| thirteen | thirteenth | 13th |
| fourteen | fourteenth | 14th |
| fifteen | fifteenth | 15th |
| sixteen | sixteenth | 16th |
| seventeen | seventeenth | 17th |
| eighteen | eighteenth | 18th |
| nineteen | nineteenth | 19th |
| twenty | twentieth | 20th |
基数词变为序数词口诀：
基变序，有规律，结尾都加"th".
一二三需特记，结尾带有t、d、d.
八减t，九去e，ve要用f替，
y要变"ie",结尾仍有th.
若要遇到几十几，只变个位就可以
2.分数表示法
1/3: one-third
3/10: three-tenths
分母序数词，分子基数词
分子大于1，分母加 “s”
三、冠词
1.冠词分类
(1)不定冠词
a: + 辅音音素开头的单词
a book
a university
an: + 元音音素开头的单词
an apple
an SOS sign
一类人/物==（泛指）==
一个、每一个、某一个（数量为1=one）
固定结构
1）Such a(an) + adj. + n. = so + adj. + a(an) + n.
He is such a good man. = He is so good a man.
2）quite / rather a(an)相当地
He is quite a good man.
It is rather a difficult question.
3） many a(an) + 可数名词单数
Many a good man has been destroyed by drink.
固定搭配
| 英文 | 翻译 |
|---|---|
| have a cold | 患感冒 |
| have a meal | 吃顿饭 |
| have a rest | 休息一下 |
| have a swim | 游泳 |
| have a walk | 散步 |
| have a good time | 玩的愉快 |
(2)定冠词
==特指；==再次提到；独一无二；专有名词
序数词，形容词副词最高级，only修饰的名词前
西洋乐器 play the piano
地理：江河湖海山脉群岛 the yellow river
姓氏名词复数：表家族. The Smiths
==+形容词：表一类人/物 The old 老年人
(3)零冠词
季节、月份、星期、日期、节假日
称呼、头衔、地位、国家、人名、抽象名词
不可数名词，复数可数名词表示泛指时
三餐、球类、学科、象棋 play football
by + 交通工具 by bus
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