Linux的简单网络学习（nmcli网络配置/软件安装）
几个配置指令：
nmtui --- 图形化界面 nm-connection-editor --- 连接Xmanager hostnamectl set-hostname XXX --- 设置主机名 rpm --- 文件安装//格式 rpm [选项] 文件包-i 安装软件包 / -v 安装文件详细显示 / -h 列出哈希标记//rpm -p 可以与下面的联用-a 查询已经安装的软件包 / -f 查询文件所属软件包 / -i 显示已安装rpm包-l 和 -p 显示未安装软件包的文件信息 rpm -Uvh [rpm包名] --- 软件包升级 rpm -e [rpm包名] ---软件包卸载 //如果文件有依赖，需要使用 rpm --nodeps 进行强制删除 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— dnf/yum：yum install [-y] 包名 --- 安装包yum groupinstall 包组名 --- 安装包组yum install [-y] 包名 --- 安装指定的软件包，-y则在工作过程中需要使用者响应，这个选个参数可以直接回答yesyum update [-y] 包名 --- 升级指定的软件包或主机中所有已安装的软件包yum remove [-y] 包名 --- 卸载已经安装在系统中的指定的软件包yum provides 文件名 --- 查找指定的文件属于哪个包; rpm -qfyum info 包名 --- 查看指定软件包的详细信息 rpm -qpiyum repolist [all] --- 查看系统中yum资源库配置信息yum search 模糊包名 --- 查看模糊包名的软件包yum grouplist --- 查看仓库里而所有包组yum groupinfo 包组名 --- 查看指定包组里而的详细信息yum groupinstall 包组名 --- 安装指定包组里面的所有包yum list all --- 列出仓库里所有可安装的软件包yum list installed [包名] --- 列出己经安装的所有的或指定的rpm包(包名中可使用匹配符) rpm -qayum clean packages all --- 清除下载到本机的指定的软件包或所有软件包的yum源缓存yum whatprovides /etc/fstab --- 查看这个文件是由那个包提供的 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— nmcli命令：建议使用man手册查看***nmcli很重要
几种网络配置方式：
//第一种方法：进入ens160地址交互编译器
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection edit ens160===| nmcli interactive connection editor |===Editing existing '802-3-ethernet' connection: 'ens160'Type 'help' or '?' for available commands.
Type 'print' to show all the connection properties.
Type 'describe [.]' for detailed property description.You may edit the following settings: connection, 802-3-ethernet (ethernet), 802-1x, dcb, sriov, ethtool, match, ipv4, ipv6, tc, proxy
nmcli> goto ipv4
You may edit the following properties: method, dns, dns-search, dns-options, dns-priority, addresses, gateway, routes, route-metric, route-table, routing-rules, ignore-auto-routes, ignore-auto-dns, dhcp-client-id, dhcp-iaid, dhcp-timeout, dhcp-send-hostname, dhcp-hostname, dhcp-fqdn, dhcp-hostname-flags, never-default, may-fail, dad-timeout
nmcli ipv4> set method
Allowed values for 'method' property: auto, link-local, manual, shared, disabled
Enter 'method' value: manual
nmcli ipv4> set addresses 192.168.220.126/24
nmcli ipv4> set dns 114.114.114.114
nmcli ipv4> set gateway 192.168.220.2
nmcli ipv4> save//第二种方式（常用）：nmcli配置ens160
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.220.126/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.220.2 ipv4.dns 144.144.144.144 connection.autoconnect yes//connection.autoconnect yes 设置为开机激活//第三种方式 ： 新增一个静态端口来
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name home ifname ens160
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify home ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses
192.168.220.126/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.220.2 ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114 connection.autoconnect yes
root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify home +ipv4.addresses 192.168.220.127/24
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up home //打开接口home第四种方式 ：nmtui 进入图形化界面第五种方式 ：nm-connection-editor 使用Xmanger第六种方式 ：直接配置ens160这个接口的属性
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 BOOTPROTO=none //静态地址ONBOOT=yes //激活接口IPADDR=192.168.220.128 //ip地址PREFIX=24 //子网掩码GATEWAY=192.168.220.2 //网关DNS1=114.114.114.114 //DNS地址BOOTPROTO=dhcp //动态获取地址 ***这个时候是从上往下优先读取***
mutui会进入这个页面： 此时可以图像交互式配置地址
***nmcli命令：
//设置连接状态查看
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
ens160 ethernet connected ens160
virbr0-nic tun disconnected --
virbr0 bridge unmanaged --
lo loopback unmanaged --
//硬件设置查看
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device show
//启动ens160接口
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up ens160
//停止ens160接口
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection down ens160
//删除ens160接口
nmcli connection delete eth160
//查看connection列表
nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens160 499a9128-a963-4440-a480-3b41dd0a4c92 ethernet ens160
ens160 ca7119a8-91c9-4c3b-b731-f86ebe0b7142 ethernet -- //重载所有ifcfg或route到connection（不会立即生效）
nmcli c reload
//重载指定ifcfg或route到connection（不会立即生效）
nmcli c load /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethX
nmcli c load /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ethX主机名设置：
//查看主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain
//修改主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostname lxb
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname lxbrpm命令：
rpm -ivh --- 软件包名 安装
rpm -evh --- 软件名 卸载
rpm -qa --- 查看系统所有已安装的软件包
rpm -qf --- 文件绝对路径 查看某个文件是哪一个包释放
rpm -ql --- 软件名 查看软件释放的文件列表
rpm -qpi --- 包名 包的详细信息显示
rpm -Uvh --- 软件名 软件升级//在挂载的光盘下cd到/run/media/root/RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64/AppStream/Packages
//下进行rpm下载***yum命令：
//yum在虚拟机的/usr/bin/yum上
//使用yum下载时需要配置本地库，库的位置在 /etc/yum.repos.d/r
//配置yum库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim base.repo
[BaseOS] //仓库标识
name=BaseOS //仓库名称
baseurl=file:///sr0/BaseOS //资源定位符(本地)
gpgcheck=0 //不设置秘钥检测[Appstream]
name=Appstream
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os///资源定位符号（网络）
gpgcheck=0//此时去yum下载httpd
[root@localhost /]# yum install httpd -y
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 2.1 MB/s | 3.5 MB 00:01
CentOS-8 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 12 kB/s | 10 kB 00:00
CentOS-8 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 881 kB/s | 8.1 MB 00:09
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================
Installing:httpd x86_64 2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1 AppStream 1.4 M
Installing dependencies:apr x86_64 1.6.3-12.el8 AppStream 129 kapr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 105 kcentos-logos-httpd noarch 85.8-2.el8 base 75 khttpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1 AppStream 39 khttpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1 AppStream 107 kmod_http2 x86_64 1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab AppStream 154 k
Installing weak dependencies:apr-util-bdb x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 25 kapr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 27 k
Enabling module streams:httpd 2.4 Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================
Install 9 PackagesTotal download size: 2.1 M
Installed size: 5.6 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/9): apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 150 kB/s | 105 kB 00:00
(2/9): apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 180 kB/s | 129 kB 00:00
(3/9): apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 197 kB/s | 25 kB 00:00
(4/9): apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 241 kB/s | 27 kB 00:00
(5/9): httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.noarc 193 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00
(6/9): httpd-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64.rpm 3.2 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00
(7/9): httpd-tools-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64.rpm 425 kB/s | 107 kB 00:00
(8/9): mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64.rpm 655 kB/s | 154 kB 00:00
(9/9): centos-logos-httpd-85.8-2.el8.noarch.rpm 29 kB/s | 75 kB 00:02
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 813 kB/s | 2.1 MB 00:02
warning: /var/cache/dnf/base-43708d1174dbbac2/packages/centos-logos-httpd-85.8-2.el8.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 6.3 kB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:Userid : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) "Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65DFrom : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transactionPreparing : 1/1 Installing : apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64 1/9 Running scriptlet: apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64 1/9 Installing : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/9 Installing : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/9 Installing : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/9 Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/9 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64 5/9 Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.noarch 6/9 Installing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.noarch 6/9 Installing : centos-logos-httpd-85.8-2.el8.noarch 7/9 Installing : mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64 8/9 Installing : httpd-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64 9/9 Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64 9/9 Verifying : centos-logos-httpd-85.8-2.el8.noarch 1/9 Verifying : apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64 2/9 Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/9 Verifying : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/9 Verifying : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 5/9 Verifying : httpd-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64 6/9 Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.noarch 7/9 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64 8/9 Verifying : mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64 9/9
Installed products updated.Installed:apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64 apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 centos-logos-httpd-85.8-2.el8.noarch httpd-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64 httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.noarch httpd-tools-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64 mod_http2-1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab.x86_64 Complete! 本文来自互联网用户投稿，文章观点仅代表作者本人，不代表本站立场，不承担相关法律责任。如若转载，请注明出处。 如若内容造成侵权/违法违规/事实不符，请点击【内容举报】进行投诉反馈！