尝试无参数启动数据库时报错ORA-304错误

在一个已经配置了RAC + ASM环境的数据库中，尝试利用RMAN的无参数启动，出现了ORA-304错误。

错误信息如下：

bash-3.00$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Mon Sep 8 14:57:11 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/dbs/initrac11g1.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 09/08/2008 14:57:52
RMAN-04014: startup failed: ORA-00304: requested INSTANCE_NUMBER is busy

RMAN> exit;

Recovery Manager complete.

怀疑是当前运行的另外一个数据库的RAC实例导致了Oracle的启动错误，于是尝试关闭另外一个数据库的实例：

bash-3.00$ sqlplus "sys/test@ractest1 as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Mon Sep 8 15:04:37 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
bash-3.00$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Mon Sep 8 15:07:51 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/data/oracle/product/11.1/database/dbs/initrac11g1.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 09/08/2008 15:08:13
RMAN-04014: startup failed: ORA-00304: requested INSTANCE_NUMBER is busy

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

关闭数据库实例后，问题依旧。莫非ASM实例对当前的启动也有影响。不过由于下面的操作会尝试使用ASM实例上的内容，因此不能关闭ASM。

尝试编辑一个最简单的参数问题，看能否启动实例：

bash-3.00$ vi initrac11g1.ora
"initrac11g1.ora" [New file]
db_name=rac11gs

下面把刚才关闭的实例重新启动，看这个实例是否会产生影响：

bash-3.00$ bash
bash-3.00$ export ORACLE_SID=ractest1
bash-3.00$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Mon Sep 8 15:16:07 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603887104 bytes
Fixed Size                  2095208 bytes
Variable Size             523618200 bytes
Database Buffers         1073741824 bytes
Redo Buffers                4431872 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
bash-3.00$ exit
exit
bash-3.00$ rman target/

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Mon Sep 8 15:16:50 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount pfile=initrac11g1.ora

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     217219072 bytes

Fixed Size                     2093360 bytes
Variable Size                160362192 bytes
Database Buffers              50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                   4431872 bytes

检查了一下metalink，也没有发现和当前问题比较吻合的情况，不过怀疑问题和Bug No. 5557910比较类似，可能是Oracle的bug造成的。

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