文件、文件路径（path）详解及文件夹下所有文件获取方法介绍

转载请注明出处：文件、文件路径（path）详解及文件夹下所有文件获取方法介绍_path文件解析_Mr_Leixiansheng的博客-CSDN博客

关于Android中几个常用文件路径的介绍

我记忆力不是太好，总是记不清，那几个常用的文件路径的具体名字，所以就在此记录一下，也方便不太清楚的同学查阅。

外部存储，内部存储的区别

Internal storage: 

• 总是可用的 
• 这里的文件默认只能被我们的app所访问。 
• 当用户卸载app的时候，系统会把internal内该app相关的文件都清除干净。 
• Internal是我们在想确保不被用户与其他app所访问的最佳存储区域。 

External storage: 

• 并不总是可用的，因为用户有时会通过USB存储模式挂载外部存储器，当取下挂载的这部分后，就无法对其进行访问了。 
• 是大家都可以访问的，因此保存在这里的文件可能被其他程序访问 
• 当用户卸载您的应用时，只有在您通过 getExternalFilesDir() 将您的应用的文件保存在目录中时，系统才会从此处删除您的应用的文件 
• External是在不需要严格的访问权限并且希望这些文件能够被其他app所共享或者是允许用户通过电脑访问时的最佳存储区域。 

常见的获取文件路径方法，对应的绝对路径

getCacheDir().getAbsolutePath()：

/data/data/packagename/cache

getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath()：

/data/data/packagename/files

以上为内存存储路径,以下为外部存储路径

getExternalCacheDir().getAbsolutePath()：
可以作为外部缓存的路径,卸载app时，会自动删除文件 
/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/packagename/cache

Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()：

/storage/emulated/0

Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM).getAbsolutePath())：

/storage/emulated/0/DCIM

getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getAbsolutePath：
 

/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/packagename/files/Pictures

获取文件夹下所有文件：

File[] files = new File(path).listFiles();

示例代码如下：

package com.leixiansheng.fileandpath;import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.TextView;import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";private TextView fileAbsolutePath;private String path = "";@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);fileAbsolutePath = findViewById(R.id.file_path);String cacheDir = getCacheDir().getAbsolutePath();String filesDir = getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath();String externalFilesDir = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getAbsolutePath();String externalCacheDir = getExternalCacheDir().getAbsolutePath();String externalStorageDirectory = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();String externalStoragePublicDirectory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM).getAbsolutePath();String externalStorageState = Environment.getExternalStorageState();path = externalStorageDirectory + File.separator + "Test" + File.separator;fileAbsolutePath.setText("cacheDir:" + cacheDir + "\n" + "\n"+ "filesDir:" + filesDir + "\n" + "\n"+ "externalFilesDir:" + externalFilesDir + "\n" + "\n"+ "externalCacheDir:" + externalCacheDir + "\n" + "\n"+ "externalStorageDirectory:" + externalStorageDirectory + "\n" + "\n"+ "externalStoragePublicDirectory:" + externalStoragePublicDirectory + "\n" + "\n"+ "externalStorageState:" + externalStorageState + "\n" + "\n"+ "path:" + path);getFileList(path);Log.i(TAG, "cacheDir:" + cacheDir + "\n"+ "filesDir:" + filesDir + "\n"+ "externalFilesDir:" + externalFilesDir + "\n"+ "externalCacheDir:" + externalCacheDir + "\n"+ "externalStorageDirectory:" + externalStorageDirectory + "\n"+ "externalStoragePublicDirectory:" + externalStoragePublicDirectory + "\n"+ "externalStorageState:" + externalStorageState + "\n"+ "path:" + path);}//获取文件夹下的所有文件名public void getFileList(String path) {File[] files = new File(path).listFiles();if (files == null) {return;}for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {Log.i(TAG, files[i].getName());}}
}

注意：获取外部文件记得给权限！

打印Log 

01-29 11:13:46.945 16689-16689/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath I/MainActivity: test3.txt
01-29 11:13:46.945 16689-16689/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath I/MainActivity: test1.txt
01-29 11:13:46.945 16689-16689/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath I/MainActivity: test5.txt
01-29 11:13:46.945 16689-16689/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath I/MainActivity: test2.txt
01-29 11:13:46.945 16689-16689/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath I/MainActivity: test4.txt
01-29 11:13:46.945 16689-16689/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath I/MainActivity: test6.txt
01-29 11:13:46.946 16689-16689/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath I/MainActivity: cacheDir:/data/data/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath/cachefilesDir:/data/data/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath/filesexternalFilesDir:/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath/files/PicturesexternalCacheDir:/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.leixiansheng.fileandpath/cacheexternalStorageDirectory:/storage/emulated/0externalStoragePublicDirectory:/storage/emulated/0/DCIMexternalStorageState:mountedpath:/storage/emulated/0/Test/

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