基于Nodejs+express4+Mongodb+Angularjs建立web项目

转自 http://blog.csdn.net/blacksiders/article/details/50081941
基于Nodejs+express4+Mongodb+Angularjs建立web项目

– 基于Nodejs搭建web服务器
– 利用Express4搭建restful服务
– 使用Mongodb作为数据库，用mongoose组件连接Mongodb
– 使用AngularJS+bootstrap设计UI界面
– 使用Webstorm 10.0.4开发
第一部分：服务端搭建

1.通过Webstorm建立Node.js Express APP

File -> New Project -> Node.js Express App,Location栏填写项目名称，选择Nodejs和npm位置,Options -> Template 选择EJS

在项目下新建文件夹models保存mongodb相关对应model。
在models目录下创建model文件movie.js。
在routes目录下创建restful API 支持文件 movies.js
完成后的目录结构如下

- project
    -- bin
        --- www
    -- models
        --- movie.js
    -- node_modules
        --- ...
    -- public
        --- ...
    -- routes
        movies.jsapp.jspackage.json

2.在package.json中添加mongoose支持及其他相关组件

{"name": "project","version": "0.0.0","private": true,"scripts": {"start": "node ./bin/www"},"dependencies": {"body-parser": "~1.13.2","cookie-parser": "~1.3.5","debug": "~2.2.0","ejs": "~2.3.3","express": "~4.13.1","morgan": "~1.6.1","errorhandler": "~1.4.2","serve-favicon": "~2.3.0","mongoose": "~4.2.5","connect-mongo": "latest","express-session": "latest"},"engines": {"node": ">=0.10.0"}
}

3.在movie.js中建立movie模型：

var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var Schema = mongoose.Schema;// define an db object
var movieSchema = new Schema({title: String,releaseYear: String,director: String,genre: String
});// bind module for accessing outside
module.exports = mongoose.model('Movie', movieSchema);

4.在movies.js中建立基于movie的restful API

引入movie模型，并开启router

var Movie = require('../models/movie.js');
var express = require('express');
var router = express.Router();

实现一些基本的功能API

var Movie = require('../models/movie.js');// get all movies
exports.list = function(req, res){Movie.find(function (err, movies) {if (err) {return res.send(err);}res.json(movies);})
};// create new movie
exports.create = function(req, res){var movie = new Movie(req.body);movie.save(function (err) {if (err) {return res.send(err);}res.send({message: 'add a movie'});});
};// update a movie
exports.update = function (req, res) {//Movie.findById(req.params.id, callback)Movie.findOne({_id: req.params.id}, function (err, movie) {if (err) {return res.send(err);}for (prop in req.body) {movie[prop] = req.body[prop];}movie.save(function (err) {if (err) {return res.send(err);}res.json({message: "update a movie"});});});
};//delete a movie
exports.delete = function (req, res) {Movie.remove({_id: req.params.id}, function (err, movie) {if (err) {return res.send(err);}res.json({message: 'delete a movie'});});
};

导出功能模块让其他部分可以使用该模块

module.exports = router;

5.启用Restful服务

在app.js中引入mongoose建立数据库连接

var mongoose = require('mongoose');
// connect to mongodb
var dbName = 'movie';
var url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/' + dbName;
var mongoOptions = {server: {socketOptions: {keepAlive: 1}}
};
mongoose.connect(url, mongoOptions);
mongoose.connection.on('error', function (err) {console.log('Mongo Error:' + err);
}).on('open', function () {console.log('Connection opened');
});

引入router启用Restful服务

var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var movies = require('./routes/movies');
app.use('/api', movies);

由于http通信是基于json格式的，需要指定请求数据格式和编码

var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended: false}));

导出模块

module.exports = app;

6.在bin/www中开启server

var app = require('../app');
var http = require('http');
var port = normalizePort(process.env.PORT || '3000');
app.set('port', port);//Create HTTP server
var server = http.createServer(app);
server.listen(port);

第二部分：前端搭建

前端使用AngularJS+Bootstrap搭建

1.引入bower

先安装NodeJS，使用npm工具引入bower。
在项目文件夹pubic下依次建立以下目录结构

- project
    -- ...
    -- public
        --- css
        --- images
        --- js
            ---- controller
            ---- service
        --- views
        index.html

添加bower依赖，在项目根目录下新建.bowerrc文件，指定bower安装路径

{"directory": "/public/bower_components"
}

添加bower.json文件指定依赖：

{"name": "project","version": "0.0.0","dependencies": {"jquery": "~2.1.3","bootstrap": "~3.3.2","angular": "~1.3.8","font-awesome": "~4.2.0","angular-ui-router": "~0.2.13","angular-bootstrap": "~0.12.1"}
}

运行bower install，安装相关js插件

2.引入AngularJS组件

在public > js下新建module.js，创建AngularJS项目组件app

'use strict';var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router','ui.bootstrap'
]);

创建一个service来保存windows session

session.storage.js

(function (app) {'use strict';app.factory('SessionStorage', function ($window) {var store = $window.sessionStorage;return { save: function (key, value) { value = angular.toJson(value); store.setItem(key, value); }, get: function (key) { var value = store.getItem(key); if (value) { value = angular.fromJson(value); } return value; }, delete: function (key) { store.removeItem(key); } }});
})
(angular.module('app'));

新建一个movie service进行http请求

movie.service.js

(function (app) {'use strict';app.factory('MovieService', function ($http, $q) {return {getAllMovies: function () {var url = "http://localhost:3000/api/movie/all";var deferred = $q.defer();$http.get(url).then(function success(respData) {var movies = respData.data;deferred.resolve(movies);},function error(reason) {deferred.reject(reason);});return deferred.promise;},updateMovie: function (movie, id) {var url = "http://localhost:3000/api/movie/" + id;var deferred = $q.defer();$http.put(url, movie).then(function success(respData) {var movies = respData.data;deferred.resolve(movies);},function error(reason) {deferred.reject(reason);});return deferred.promise;}}});
})(angular.module('app'));

在controller目录下建立两个controller处理相关数据操作

main.controller.js

(function (app) {
    'use strict';app.controller('MainController', function ($scope, $rootScope, $state, SessionStorage, movies) {$rootScope.title = 'express_demo2';$scope.movies = movies;$scope.updateMovie = function (movie) {SessionStorage.delete('movie');$state.go('movie.update', {data: movie});};});
})(angular.module('app'));

movie.controller.js

(function (app) {'use strict';app.controller('MovieController', function ($scope, $rootScope, $state, $stateParams, MovieService, SessionStorage) {$scope.movie = $stateParams.data;if (!$scope.movie) { $scope.movie = SessionStorage.get('movie'); } else { SessionStorage.save('movie', $scope.movie); }$scope.update = function () { var promise = MovieService.updateMovie($scope.movie, $scope.movie._id); promise.then(function (data) { alert('update success!'); SessionStorage.delete('movie'); $state.go('movie.main'); }); };});
})(angular.module('app'));

建立uirouter指定路由

(function (app) {
    'use strict';app.config(function ($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider, $locationProvider) {$locationProvider.html5Mode(true);$urlRouterProvider.otherwise('/movie');$stateProvider.state('movie', {abstract: 'true',templateUrl: '/views/menu.html'}).state('movie.main', {url: '/movie',controller: 'MainController',templateUrl: '/views/main.html',resolve: {'movies': function (MovieService) {return MovieService.getAllMovies();}}}).state('movie.update', {url: '/movie/update',controller: 'MovieController',templateUrl: '/views/update.html',params: {data: null}});});
})(angular.module('app'));

在css文件下建立css

.margin-top-20 {margin-top: 20px;
}.title-font {font-size: large;font-style: italic;font-family: Consolas;font-weight: bold;
}

在index.html中声明app位置，并导入相关的js和css文件

<html ng-app="app">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><base href='/'/><title ng-bind="title">title><link rel='stylesheet' href='bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css'/><link rel='stylesheet' href='bower_components/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.css'/><link rel='stylesheet' href='css/style.css'/>head>
<body><div ui-view>div><script src="bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js">script>
<script src="bower_components/angular/angular.min.js">script>
<script src="bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js">script>
<script src="bower_components/angular-ui-router/release/angular-ui-router.min.js">script>
<script src="bower_components/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js">script><script src="js/module.js">script>
<script src="js/routes.js">script><script src="js/controller/main.controller.js">script>
<script src="js/controller/movie.controller.js">script><script src="js/service/movie.service.js">script>
<script src="js/service/session.storage.js">script>body>
html>

在views目录下建立三个html页面进行操作

main.html

<table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>Titleth><th>Yearth><th>Directorth><th>Genreth><th>Optionth>tr>thead><tbody><tr ng-repeat="movie in movies"><td>{{movie.title}}td><td>{{movie.releaseYear}}td><td>{{movie.director}}td><td>{{movie.genre}}td><td><a class="btn btn-default" href="javascript:void(0)" ng-click="updateMovie(movie)">Updatea>td>tr>tbody>
table>

menu.html

<div class="container"><div class="row margin-top-20">
class="title-font">Movie Book System
div>
div>
<div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="ui-view">div>div>
div>

update.html

"form" class="form form-horizontal"><div class="form-group"><div class="col-md-1">for="title">Titlediv><div class="col-md-6">id="title" type="text" class="form-control" ng-model="movie.title"/>div>div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-md-1">for="year">Yeardiv><div class="col-md-6">id="year" type="text" class="form-control" ng-model="movie.releaseYear"/>div>div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-md-1">for="director">Directordiv><div class="col-md-6">id="director" type="text" class="form-control" ng-model="movie.director"/>div>div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-md-1">for="genre">Genrediv><div class="col-md-6">id="genre" type="text" class="form-control" ng-model="movie.genre"/>div>div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-md-12">"javascript:void(0)" class="btn btn-default" ng-click="update()">Updatediv>div>

在app.js中声明html位置

app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'public'));
app.engine('html', require('ejs').__express);
app.set('view engine', 'html');
// rewrite to load static resources
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));// static views
app.all('/*', function (req, res) {res.sendfile('index.html', {root: path.join(__dirname, 'public')});
});

至此，运行www文件即可启动nodejs项目，在界面上访问localhost:3000即可访问项目。

=========================================

以下是实现过程中自己的一些总结感想：

实现过程中遇到的异常处理：
(1) 在用bower安装依赖的时候，出现了Bower : ENOGIT git is not installed or not in the PATH ，这个错误提示很明显。就是git没有设置在环境变量中！
解决方法一：

添加git到window的环境变量中。设置path路径为C:\Program Files\Git\bin

关于环境变量的设置，在这里就不多说了。

解决方法二：

在不用添加环境变量的情况下，运行下面一个命令，就可以设置当前文件加的环境变量。

$ set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files\Git\bin

运行完了上面的命令，然后你再用bower安装依赖就成功了，不会有Bower : ENOGIT git is not installed or not in the PATH 这个报错了！
(2) 执行bower install命令遇到异常：
ECONFLICT Unable to find suitable version for angular
解决方法：

It worked for me by making following changes in "bower.json":
"angular": "latest",
"angular-mocks": "latest",
"jquery": "latest",
"bootstrap": "latest"

(3)查询movie列表时查询结果总为空
解决方法：将movie.js中

module.exports = mongoose.model('Movie',movieSchema);

改为

module.exports = mongoose.model('Movie',movieSchema,'Movie');

原因：
使用Mongoose#model(name, [schema], [collection], [skipInit])；定义模型， mongoose 会把表名变成复数 所以这里collection参数要写上

整个工程流程架构：
views文件夹下定义视图，routes.js中定义路由，路由将视图和控制器Controller进行关联，controller调用service完成业务数据操作，之后将操作结果反映在视图中(例如通过$scope.movies=movies实现变量双向绑定，通过$scope.updateMovie和视图中的ng-click关联)。而service通过调用模型中的API实现数据库操作。

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