Missing Semester 学习

课程主页：https://missing.csail.mit.edu

课程记录

一、Course overview + the shell

1.1 shell命令入门

echo "hello world"
echo 'hello world'
echo hello\ world

1.2 how system can find echo?

echo $PATH
which echo
/bin/echo "hello world"

1.3 navigting in the shell

cd
pwd
绝对路径和相对路径
ls和ls -l

1.4 connecting programs

programs always associated with tow stream: input stream and output stream
redirection < file and > file
when cat is not given any arguments, it prints contents from its input stream to its output stream
cat < hello.txt
| pipe command

二、Shell Tools and Scripting

2.1 variable

foo=bar # foo = bar is wrong
echo "$foo" # this print bar
echo '$foo' # this print $foo

2.2 function

mcd () {mkdir -p "$1"cd "$1"
}

• $0 name of program
• $1-9 arguments to the script
• $# number of arguments
• $$ pid
• $@ all the arguments
• $? the last command’s exit status

2.3 Logical command

|| 
&&
; # simplely seperate current command and the next command

2.4 command substitution

echo "start program at $(date)"

2.5 Process substitution

<(cmd) # this will execute cmd and place the output in a temporary file and substitute the
# <() with that file's name

2.6 wildcards and curly braces

*
{}

2.7 shebang line

#!/usr/local/bin/python

differences between shell functions and scripts

• functions are executed in the current shell environment
• scripts execute in their own process

2.8 shell tools

find 
grep

• TLDR pages
• fasd
• autojump
• tree
• nnn

五、Command-line Environment

5.1 job control

你的shell使用一种叫做信号的机制在进程间沟通。信号是一种软中断机制。

ctrl-c 传递SIGINT信号
ctrl-\ 传递SIGQUIT信号
ctrl-z 传递SIGTSTP信号，short for Terminal Stop

SIGTERM signal ask a process to exit. Using kill command to send it.

• kill
• jobs
• fg
• bg
• nohup

5.2 terminal multiplexers

tmux教学

leading key x means you press ctrl and b, then release them together, and then press x

panes

竖直分裂一个窗口  %
水平分裂一个窗口  "
关闭当前窗口 exit or ctrl-d

windows - equivalent to tabs in browsers(threads in process)

 c  创建一个虚拟桌面
 p  切换上一个
 n		切换下一个

sessions - a session is an independent workspace with one or more windows

tmux  # start a new session
tmux new -s NAME # start a new session with name
tmux ls #ls current sessions
detach a session with  d
attach a session `tmux a` , with -t to specify which

5.3 Aliases

alias name="command arg1 arg2"

常见的别名设置：

todo

5.4 Dotfiles

指隐藏文件，通常是各种程序的配置文件。

• bash ~/.bashrc or~/.bash_profile
• git ~/.gitconfig
• vim ~/.vimrc
• tmux ~/.tmux.conf
• ssh~/.ssh/config

关于隐藏文件，我们需要知道三件事：

• 内容
• 位置
• 管理

5.5 Remote Machines

5.6 Shells & Frameworks

On-my-zsh

• Syntax-highlighting
• History-substring-search

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