Ursina制作我的世界跑酷游戏（附源码）

ursina是Python的一个强大的3d模块。用了它，我们可以在里面“复刻“我的世界，并制作跑酷赛道。

第一步：pip安装ursina模块：

pip install ursina

因为模块有点大（实际包含Panda3d等几个模块），为提升下载速度，我们可以设置国内镜像源：

pip install ursina -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

这里用的是清华大学的，可自己选择源

然后写代码：

第一步：引用ursina模块和第一人称

from ursina import *
from ursina.prefabs.first_person_controller import FirstPersonController

第二步，创建Ursina程序并赋值纹理（图在后面），为下面代码做铺垫

grass_texture = load_texture('texture\grass')
stone_texture = load_texture('texture\stone')
brick_texture = load_texture(r'texture\brick')
dirt_texture  = load_texture('texture\dirt')
sky_texture   = load_texture('sky')
arm_texture   = load_texture('white_cube')
bedrock_texture=load_texture(r"texture\bedrock")
punch_sound   = Audio('sine',loop = False, autoplay = False)
block_pick = 1
block_texture_dict={
1:grass_texture,2:stone_texture,3:brick_texture,4:dirt_texture,5:'white_cube'}
diction={}

grass,stone,brick,dirt和bedrock_texture是方块的纹理，load_texture(r'texture\brick')表示打开ursina模块中textures文件夹中texture文件夹中的brick图片（格式jpg和png都行），而sky和arm的纹理图片是ursina自带的，不用下载。Audio('sine',loop=False,autoplay=False)表示打开ursina自带的音频sine.wav，因其声音像挖放方块的声音，为后面的代码做铺垫。loop=False即循环为假，autoplay=False即自动播放为假。block_texture_dict，diction是为方便下文的字典。

接下来是定义方块的类，继承Button类，因为Entity是没有碰撞体积的

class Voxel(Button):def __init__(self, position = (0,0,0), texture = grass_texture,scale_y=1):super().__init__(parent = scene,position = position,model = 'cube',origin_y = 0.5,texture = texture,color = color.color(0,0,random.uniform(0.9,1)),scale_y = scale_y)def update(self):sx=self.xsy=self.ysz=self.zif ((self.x - player.x) ** 2 + (self.y - player.y) ** 2 + (self.z - player.z) ** 2) ** 0.5>=10:    #远离玩家10格以外的方块将被破坏destroy(self)try:del diction[(sx,sy,sz)] #not exist any moreexcept KeyError:passdef input(self,key):if self.hovered:if ((self.x - player.x) ** 2 + (self.y - player.y) ** 2 + (self.z - player.z) ** 2) ** 0.5 <= 7: #distance    #7格的手长if key == 'right mouse down':if block_pick!=5: punch_sound.play()if block_pick == 1: voxel = Voxel(position = self.position + mouse.normal, texture = grass_texture)if block_pick == 2: voxel = Voxel(position = self.position + mouse.normal, texture = stone_texture)if block_pick == 3: voxel = Voxel(position = self.position + mouse.normal, texture = brick_texture)if block_pick == 4: voxel = Voxel(position = self.position + mouse.normal, texture = dirt_texture)if key == 'left mouse down':if ((self.x-player.x)**2+(self.y-player.y)**2+(self.z-player.z)**2)**0.5<=7:punch_sound.play()if self.texture!=bedrock_texture:    #基岩不能破坏destroy(self)

因为是跑酷，赛道肯定很长，方块数量多了，电脑就危险了，所以我在update()中规定：离玩家距离超过10格的方块（if ((self.x - player.x) ** 2 + (self.y - player.y) ** 2 + (self.z - player.z) ** 2) ** 0.5>=10,后面我把玩家起名为plyer）会被自动清除（destory(self)），并把字典中此方块的位置清除。是的，diction是用于放置已存在的方块的位置的，具体如下：

diction={已存在方块位置:True}。为什么要这样呢？

离玩家距离超过10格的方块自动清除，那么10格以内的方块就要重新放置。但ursina中一个位置是允许有多个方块的，这会导致同位置有无数的方块，电脑同样很卡。所以每当生成一个方块，就把当前位置标记为True，当前位置不再生成方块。同样，当方块被清除，那么此位置的字典就被删除。为什么用True呢？便于后面的if语句。

还有，这里讲一下update()和input()的区别。update(self)用于数据的更新，每一帧都会运行；而input(self,key)函数只有在键盘、鼠标活动时才运行。他们两个会被ursina自动调用，我们只用定义就好了。并且由于我糟糕的跑酷技术，我设置了可以放置（input（self）函数中的if key == 'right mouse down':下的内容）和破坏方块（destory（self）），且加了if ((self.x - player.x) ** 2 + (self.y - player.y) ** 2 + (self.z - player.z) ** 2) ** 0.5 <= 7的限制，我们只够得着7格以内的方块。在左\右键时，播放sine.wav（punch_sound.play()）模拟方块破坏声。 if self.texture!=bedrock_texture:是指不能破坏基岩

接下来便是定义天和手的类了：

class Sky(Entity):def __init__(self):super().__init__(parent = scene,model = 'sphere',texture = sky_texture,scale = 150,double_sided = True)class Hand(Entity):def __init__(self,texture=grass_texture,scale_x=0.5,scale_y=0.5):super().__init__(parent = camera.ui,model = 'cube',texture = texture,scale_x = scale_x,scale_y = scale_y,rotation = Vec3(150,-10,0),position = Vec2(0.4,-0.6))def update(self):if block_pick==5:self.scale_x=0.2self.scale_y=0.2    #空手时else:self.scale_x=self.scale_y=0.5self.texture=block_texture_dict[block_pick]    #手持方块时def active(self):self.position = Vec2(0.2,-0.4)def passive(self):self.position = Vec2(0.4,-0.6)

这里sky的double_sidede一定要设成True，不然就是黑乎乎一片，其他的非常简单，就不用我讲了

然后便是一些设置和实例：

def input(key):if key == 'q':player.y+=100    #作弊键if key == 'escape':quit()
window.fullscreen = True
player=FirstPersonController()
text=Text(text=f"Position:({player.x},{player.y},{player.z})",position=(-0.85,0.5))
text2=Text(text='Die-times:',color=color.red,position=(-0.85,0.45))
sky = Sky()
hand = Hand()    #创造一系列实例zhi_music = Audio(r"zhi.mp3", autoplay=False, loop=False)
back_music    = Audio(r"gangqinqu.mp3",autoplay=False,loop=True)
back_music.play()
dietimes=0
message=Text(text='',scale=1,position=(-0.85,0.4))
gravity_text=Text(text='',position=(-0.85,0.35))

说了我技术不好，所以按q键玩家y值加100。按ESC退出。

windows.fullscreen是全屏，沉浸式游玩，FirstPersonController是第一人称，里面其实可以加参数，但此游戏不益加。zhi_music是当玩家坠落时用于嘲笑玩家的，可自行选择。back_music是背景音乐，可自行选择。text=Text(text=f"Position:({player.x},{player.y},{player.z})",position=(-0.85,0.5))是记录玩家实时位置的，text2=Text(text='Die-times:',color=color.red,position=(-0.85,0.45))是记录玩家死亡次数的。gravity_text是用于记录重力的，以后要上太空。其中Text的用法：Text(text='文字',scale=规模,填数字,position=(x,y))。

接下来是updata()函数了，十分重要，它同时也包括赛道的生成：

def update():global block_pickglobal  dietimesif player.y>=75:message.text='Entered the space!'message.position=(-0.85,0.4)message.scale=1gravity=(player.y-74)**(-0.2)    #括号中的-0.2可依个人喜好来，但必须是负数gravity_text.text=f"Gravity:{gravity}"player.gravity = gravityelse:message.text = ''gravity = 1gravity_text.text = ""player.gravity = gravityif player.y>=1000:message.text='Out of Universe!'message.scale=2message.position=(-0.20,0.1)diction2={1:(0,0),2:(0,3),3:(0,6),4:(0,9),5:(0,12),6:(3,12),7:(6,12),8:(9,12),9:(12,12),10:(12,9),11:(12,6),12:(12,3),13:(12,0),14:(9,0),15:(6,0),16:(3,0)}text.text = f"Position:({player.x:.0f},{player.y:.0f},{player.z:.0f})"    #格式化位置，不然几十位小数if player.y <= -80:zhi_music.play()    #惩罚音乐dietimes+=1    #死亡次数记录text2.text=f"Die-times:{dietimes}"player.x = 0    #重回出生点player.y = 0player.z = 0if held_keys['left mouse'] or held_keys['right mouse']:hand.active()else:hand.passive()    #挥舞手臂if held_keys['1']: block_pick = 1if held_keys['2']: block_pick = 2if held_keys['3']: block_pick = 3if held_keys['4']: block_pick = 4if held_keys['5']: block_pick = 5for i in range(1010):    #1010个方块try:x=diction2[i%16][0]z=diction2[i%16][1]except KeyError:    #预防取模为0的情况x=3z=0y=itry:if diction[(x,y,z)]:    #当此位置存在方块时不再放置passexcept KeyError:if ((x - player.x) ** 2 + (y - player.y) ** 2 + (z-player.z) ** 2) ** 0.5 <= 10:    #确保在10格以内才生成，防止卡顿diction.update({(x,y,z):True})    #放置后此为置标记为真，防止同一位置无数方块Block=Voxel(position=(x,y,z),texture=bedrock_texture)    #放置方块print(f"Position:({x},{y},{z})")    #打印出方块位置，便于调试

sky的规模设为150，那么玩家高度超过75时即判定进入太空，将message.text的内容更新为“Entered the space!”来提醒玩家已进入太空。既然是太空，失重是必然的。将75格作为地平线，y值越高，重力越小，并通过改变player.gravity属性来改变重力。下面代码把星空贴图的直径设为了2000，所以当玩家y值超过1000时就浅鄙的说离开了宇宙。hand.active()是破坏或放置方块时手的状态，hand.passive则反。接下来便是赛道生成。我们想要一个阶梯状的跑酷赛道，每两个方块之间间隔2格，y轴上升1格。我们来枚举一下：

因为每一圈的方块x和z值相同，所以我们可以用字典来储存数据，即diction2={1:(x,z),2:(x,z)···}

其中1:(0,0)指的是每一圈第一个方块的x，y坐标，再用简单的取模法算得序次，取模为0则为子典最后一个元组，用try except语句应对KeyError

由于update()函数是每一帧都运行的，为防止同一位置被不停地放置方块，方块放置后就把当前位置标记为真，以后不再放置。为什么要这么麻烦？一切都是为了电脑啊!

接着便是收尾了。既然是宇宙，星空少不了吧？有地球，月球也少不了吧？

earth=Entity(model='sphere',scale=151,texture='earth')
moon =Entity(model='sphere',scale=30,texture='moon',double_sided=True,position=(0,800,0))
star=Entity(model='sphere',scale=2000,texture='星空',double_sided=True)
app.run()

因为sky的规模为150，恐怕重合了，所以地球的规模为151。星空图其实就是黑底子上着了几个白蓝黄像素，虽然小，但放大了1000倍就大了。app.run()少不了，没有它程序转不了。

附源码：（不加注释)

from ursina import *
from ursina.prefabs.first_person_controller import FirstPersonControllerapp = Ursina()
grass_texture = load_texture('texture\grass')
stone_texture = load_texture('texture\stone')
brick_texture = load_texture(r'texture\brick')
dirt_texture  = load_texture('texture\dirt')
sky_texture   = load_texture('sky')
arm_texture   = load_texture('white_cube')
bedrock_texture=load_texture(r"texture\bedrock")
punch_sound   = Audio('sine',loop = False, autoplay = False)
block_pick = 1
block_texture_dict={1:grass_texture,2:stone_texture,3:brick_texture,4:dirt_texture,5:'white_cube'}
diction={}class Voxel(Button):def __init__(self, position = (0,0,0), texture = grass_texture,scale_y=1):super().__init__(parent = scene,position = position,model = 'cube',origin_y = 0.5,texture = texture,color = color.color(0,0,random.uniform(0.9,1)),scale_y = scale_y)def update(self):sx=self.xsy=self.ysz=self.zif ((self.x - player.x) ** 2 + (self.y - player.y) ** 2 + (self.z - player.z) ** 2) ** 0.5>=10:destroy(self)try:del diction[(sx,sy,sz)] #not exist any moreexcept KeyError:passdef input(self,key):if self.hovered:if ((self.x - player.x) ** 2 + (self.y - player.y) ** 2 + (self.z - player.z) ** 2) ** 0.5 <= 7: #distanceif key == 'right mouse down':if block_pick!=5: punch_sound.play()if block_pick == 1: voxel = Voxel(position = self.position + mouse.normal, texture = grass_texture)if block_pick == 2: voxel = Voxel(position = self.position + mouse.normal, texture = stone_texture)if block_pick == 3: voxel = Voxel(position = self.position + mouse.normal, texture = brick_texture)if block_pick == 4: voxel = Voxel(position = self.position + mouse.normal, texture = dirt_texture)if key == 'left mouse down':if ((self.x-player.x)**2+(self.y-player.y)**2+(self.z-player.z)**2)**0.5<=7:punch_sound.play()if self.texture!=bedrock_texture:destroy(self)class Sky(Entity):def __init__(self):super().__init__(parent = scene,model = 'sphere',texture = sky_texture,scale = 150,double_sided = True)class Hand(Entity):def __init__(self,texture=grass_texture,scale_x=0.5,scale_y=0.5):super().__init__(parent = camera.ui,model = 'cube',texture = texture,scale_x = scale_x,scale_y = scale_y,rotation = Vec3(150,-10,0),position = Vec2(0.4,-0.6))def update(self):if block_pick==5:self.scale_x=0.2self.scale_y=0.2else:self.scale_x=self.scale_y=0.5self.texture=block_texture_dict[block_pick]def active(self):self.position = Vec2(0.2,-0.4)def passive(self):self.position = Vec2(0.4,-0.6)def input(key):if key == 'q':player.y+=100if key == 'escape':quit()window.fullscreen = True
player=FirstPersonController()
text=Text(text=f"Position:({player.x},{player.y},{player.z})",position=(-0.85,0.5))
text2=Text(text='Die-times:',color=color.red,position=(-0.85,0.45))
sky = Sky()
hand = Hand()zhi_music = Audio(r"zhi.mp3", autoplay=False, loop=False)
back_music    = Audio(r"gangqinqu.mp3",autoplay=False,loop=True)
back_music.play()
dietimes=0
message=Text(text='',scale=1,position=(-0.85,0.4))
gravity_text=Text(text='',position=(-0.85,0.35))
def update():global block_pickglobal  dietimesif player.y>=75:message.text='Entered the space!'message.position=(-0.85,0.4)message.scale=1gravity=(player.y-74)**(-0.2)gravity_text.text=f"Gravity:{gravity}"player.gravity = gravityelse:message.text = ''gravity = 1gravity_text.text = ""player.gravity = gravityif player.y>=1000:message.text='Out of Universe!'message.scale=2message.position=(-0.20,0.1)diction2={1:(0,0),2:(0,3),3:(0,6),4:(0,9),5:(0,12),6:(3,12),7:(6,12),8:(9,12),9:(12,12),10:(12,9),11:(12,6),12:(12,3),13:(12,0),14:(9,0),15:(6,0),16:(3,0)}text.text = f"Position:({player.x:.0f},{player.y:.0f},{player.z:.0f})"if player.y <= -80:zhi_music.play()dietimes+=1text2.text=f"Die-times:{dietimes}"player.x = 0player.y = 0player.z = 0if held_keys['left mouse'] or held_keys['right mouse']:hand.active()else:hand.passive()if held_keys['1']: block_pick = 1if held_keys['2']: block_pick = 2if held_keys['3']: block_pick = 3if held_keys['4']: block_pick = 4if held_keys['5']: block_pick = 5for i in range(1010):try:x=diction2[i%16][0]z=diction2[i%16][1]except KeyError:x=3z=0y=itry:if diction[(x,y,z)]:passexcept KeyError:if ((x - player.x) ** 2 + (y - player.y) ** 2 + (z-player.z) ** 2) ** 0.5 <= 10:diction.update({(x,y,z):True})Block=Voxel(position=(x,y,z),texture=bedrock_texture)print(f"Position:({x},{y},{z})")earth=Entity(model='sphere',scale=151,texture='earth')
moon =Entity(model='sphere',scale=30,texture='moon',double_sided=True,position=(0,800,0))
star=Entity(model='sphere',scale=2000,texture='星空',double_sided=True)
app.run()

 bedrock_texture:d

brick_texture 

 grass_texture

 stone_texture

 dirt_texture

 星空texture(可以自己用画图画)

earth_texture

moon_texture

背景音乐和惩罚音乐我就不放出来了，自己酌情选择

游戏画面：

本文来自互联网用户投稿，文章观点仅代表作者本人，不代表本站立场，不承担相关法律责任。如若转载，请注明出处。 如若内容造成侵权/违法违规/事实不符，请点击【内容举报】进行投诉反馈！