磁盘和文件系统管理-练习
磁盘和文件系统管理-练习
- 第一部分
- 1、按要求创建文件系统
- 2、写一个脚本，完成如下功能：
- 3、CentOS6，利用光盘配置yum源
- 第二部分-RAID
- 1、创建一个可用空间为1G的RAID1设备，文件系统为ext4，有一个空闲盘，开机可自动挂载至/backup目录
- 2、创建由三块硬盘组成的可用空间为2G的RAID5设备，要求其chunk大小为256k，文件系统为ext4，开机可自动挂载至/mydata目录
- 第三部分-逻辑卷LVM
- 1、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG；要求PE大小为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv；挂载至/users目录
- 2、 新建用户archlinux，要求其家目录为/users/archlinux，而后su切换至archlinux用户，复制/etc/pam.d目录至自己的家目录
- 3、扩展testlv至7G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
- 4、收缩testlv至3G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
- 5、对testlv创建快照，并尝试基于快照备份数据，验证快照的功能
第一部分
1、按要求创建文件系统
创建一个2G的文件系统，块大小为2048byte，预留1%可用空间,文件系统ext4，卷标为TEST，要求此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录，且默认有acl挂载选项
1.扫描添加的硬盘
[root@centos8 ~]#type scandisk #命令别名写入到 /root/.bashrc
scandisk is aliased to 'echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan;echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan;echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan'
[root@centos8 ~]#scandisk
[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 8.6G 0 rom /mnt
#假如sdb是新增的硬盘2.给硬盘分区，建议使用交互式创建
[root@centos8 ~]#echo -e 'n\np\n\n\n+2G\nw\n' | fdisk /dev/sdc #非交互式创建3.格式化新分区磁盘，并查看磁盘信息
[root@centos8 ~]#mkfs.ext4 -m 1 -b 2048 -L TEST /dev/sdd1
# -m 1 预留1%可用空间 -b 2048 块大小2048byte -L TEST 卷标为TEST
[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk -f #可查看文件系统类型，卷标，UUID
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 xfs 604e8976-2d99-4603-9cb5-9135c1f4887e /boot
├─sda2 xfs eacaaab6-1589-4ef4-aeb8-a5fc1ec176a4 /
├─sda3 xfs e972ee60-7186-4a9f-b6e1-18cbff1bb40b /data
├─sda4
└─sda5 swap 64c3ba2f-502f-4fed-b9fa-406beb686f46 [SWAP]
sdb
└─sdb1 ext4 TEST 8c3e25c8-dfad-4e97-9d03-b90e715f4635 /test
#卷标LABEL TEST
sr0 iso9660 CentOS-8-3-2011-x86_64-dvd 2020-11-18-21-39-52-00 /mnt[root@centos8 ~]#blkid /dev/sdb1 #可查看文件系统类型，卷标，UUID
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="TEST" UUID="8c3e25c8-dfad-4e97-9d03-b90e715f4635" BLOCK_SIZE="2048" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="a8f7d163-01"
[root@centos8 ~]#tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1 #可查看到预留空间信息
tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Filesystem volume name: TEST #卷标
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 8c3e25c8-dfad-4e97-9d03-b90e715f4635 #UUID
...
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 131072
Block count: 1048576
Reserved block count: 10485 #预留空间
Free blocks: 1011035
Free inodes: 131061
First block: 0
Block size: 2048 #块大小
Fragment size: 20484.挂载磁盘
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/fstab
UUID=c3e25c8-dfad-4e97-9d03-b90e715f4635 /test ext4 defaults,acl 0 0 #从王老师的笔记中得知，defaults默认值不包含acl[root@centos8 ~]#mount -a
[root@centos8 ~]#df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 957M 0 957M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 975M 8.7M 967M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 xfs 100G 2.7G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
/dev/sda3 xfs 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sr0 iso9660 8.7G 8.7G 0 100% /mnt
tmpfs tmpfs 195M 0 195M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 ext4 2.0G 9.1M 2.0G 1% /test #已挂载
2、写一个脚本，完成如下功能：
(1) 列出当前系统识别到的所有磁盘设备
(2) 如磁盘数量为1，则显示其空间使用信息，否则，则显示最后一个磁盘上的空间使用信息
#!/bin/bash
#
#********************************************************************
#Author: LingXia
#QQ: 1589640561
#Date: 2021-07-11
#FileName： showdisk.sh
#URL: https://www.baidu.com
#Description： The test script
#Copyright (C): 2021 All rights reserved
#********************************************************************
echo "(1)当前系统磁盘设备如下："
echo -e "`lsblk`\n"count=`lsblk | grep '^sd[a-z]' |wc -l`if [ $count = 1 ] ;thenecho "(2)当前磁盘空间使用信息如下："echo "`df -h | sed -n -e '1p' -e '/^\/dev\/sda/p'`"
elseecho "(2)最后一块磁盘空间使用信息如下："diskname=`lsblk | grep '^sd[a-z]' |sed -n '$p' | grep -o '^sd[a-z]'`lastdisk=`df -h /dev/$diskname[0-9] |sed -nr -e '1p' -e '/^\/dev\/sd/p'`echo -e "$lastdisk\n"
fiCentOS 8 运行结果
[root@centos8 script]#bash showdisk.sh
(1)当前系统磁盘设备如下：
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part /test
sdc 8:32 0 10G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 3G 0 part /data/mysql
└─sdc2 8:34 0 4G 0 part /data/logs
sr0 11:0 1 8.6G 0 rom /mnt(2)最后一块磁盘空间使用信息如下：
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc1 2.9G 9.0M 2.8G 1% /data/mysql
/dev/sdc2 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /data/logsCentOS 7 运行结果
[root@centos7 ~]#bash showdisk.sh
(1)当前系统磁盘设备如下：
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 9.5G 0 rom (2)当前磁盘空间使用信息如下：
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda2 100G 4.6G 96G 5% /
/dev/sda3 50G 41M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
3、CentOS6，利用光盘配置yum源
将CentOS6的CentOS-6.10-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso和CentOS-6.10-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso两个文件，合并成一个CentOS-6.10-x86_64-Everything.iso文件，并将其配置为yum源
give up
参考辉总：https://www.cnblogs.com/neteagles/p/14094167.html
第二部分-RAID
1、创建一个可用空间为1G的RAID1设备，文件系统为ext4，有一个空闲盘，开机可自动挂载至/backup目录
1.1、创建前准备
1）安装好mdadm
2）创建好3块1G磁盘（不用格式化）
3）创建好/backup目录
[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 10G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 8.6G 0 rom /mnt
1.2、创建
[root@centos8 ~]#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1
#-C /dev/md0 是创建md0的设备名
#-l 1是RAID1
#-n 2 -x 1 是用两块磁盘来创建RAID1，1块空闲
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start andmay not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan tostore '/boot' on this device please ensure thatyour boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. #阵列/dev/md0 已启动
[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1022M 0 raid1
└─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part └─md0 9:0 0 1022M 0 raid1
sdc 8:32 0 10G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part └─md0 9:0 0 1022M 0 raid1
sr0 11:0 1 8.6G 0 rom /mnt1.3、格式化
[root@centos8 ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 261632 4k blocks and 65408 inodes
Filesystem UUID: fd72da58-6585-4f2f-8b95-c7a723416d06
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done[root@centos8 ~]#blkid /dev/md0
/dev/md0: UUID="fd72da58-6585-4f2f-8b95-c7a723416d06" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"1.4、挂载
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/fstab
/dev/md0 /backup ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@centos8 ~]#mount -a
[root@centos8 ~]#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 957M 0 957M 0% /dev
tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 975M 8.8M 967M 1% /run
tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 100G 2.7G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda3 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
/dev/sr0 8.7G 8.7G 0 100% /mnt
tmpfs 195M 0 195M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/md0 990M 2.6M 921M 1% /backup1.5、查看RAID1信息
[root@centos8 ~]#mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Mon Jul 12 17:12:47 2021Raid Level : raid1Array Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)Used Dev Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 3Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Mon Jul 12 17:16:55 2021State : clean Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 3Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 1Consistency Policy : resyncName : centos8.magedu.com:0 (local to host centos8.magedu.com)UUID : 7a901cf6:6202e3fa:796a3204:5d6b9771Events : 17Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb22 8 33 - spare /dev/sdc1
2、创建由三块硬盘组成的可用空间为2G的RAID5设备，要求其chunk大小为256k，文件系统为ext4，开机可自动挂载至/mydata目录
2.1、创建前准备
1）安装好mdadm
2）创建好3块1G磁盘（不用格式化），RAID5的可用空间是n-1
3）创建好/mydata目录2.2、创建
[root@centos8 ~]#mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 5 -n3 -c 256 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdc{2,3}
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[root@centos8 ~]#mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Mon Jul 12 17:41:36 2021Raid Level : raid5Array Size : 2093056 (2044.00 MiB 2143.29 MB)Used Dev Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)Raid Devices : 3Total Devices : 3Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Mon Jul 12 17:41:41 2021State : clean Active Devices : 3Working Devices : 3Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 0Layout : left-symmetricChunk Size : 256KConsistency Policy : resyncName : centos8.magedu.com:1 (local to host centos8.magedu.com)UUID : 12b898cf:a6337e52:dce5d1d3:0c3b3e89Events : 18Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 8 19 0 active sync /dev/sdb31 8 34 1 active sync /dev/sdc23 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc32.3、格式化
[root@centos8 ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 523264 4k blocks and 130816 inodes
Filesystem UUID: f26668b6-f2fe-4120-998b-7be9f4e79063
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@centos8 ~]#blkid /dev/md1
/dev/md1: UUID="f26668b6-f2fe-4120-998b-7be9f4e79063" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"2.4、挂载
[root@centos8 ~]#echo "/dev/md1 /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@centos8 ~]#cat /etc/fstab
......
/dev/md0 /backup ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/md1 /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@centos8 ~]#df -h
......
/dev/md0 990M 2.6M 921M 1% /backup
/dev/md1 2.0G 6.0M 1.9G 1% /mydata[root@centos8 ~]#lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1022M 0 raid1 /backup
├─sdb2 8:18 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1022M 0 raid1 /backup
└─sdb3 8:19 0 1G 0 part └─md1 9:1 0 2G 0 raid5 /mydata
sdc 8:32 0 10G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1022M 0 raid1 /backup
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md1 9:1 0 2G 0 raid5 /mydata
└─sdc3 8:35 0 1G 0 part └─md1 9:1 0 2G 0 raid5 /mydata
sr0 11:0 1 8.6G 0 rom /mnt
第三部分-逻辑卷LVM
1、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG；要求PE大小为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv；挂载至/users目录
注意：格式化 lv 的时候最好选用ext4，利于缩减；以下实验就是格式化的时候选到xfs，导致第4题的缩减没法做
[root@centos8 ~]#pvcreate /dev/sd{b,c}4
WARNING: dos signature detected on /dev/sdb4 at offset 510. Wipe it? [y/n]: yWiping dos signature on /dev/sdb4.
WARNING: dos signature detected on /dev/sdc4 at offset 510. Wipe it? [y/n]: yWiping dos signature on /dev/sdc4.Physical volume "/dev/sdb4" successfully created.Physical volume "/dev/sdc4" successfully created.[root@centos8 ~]#vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sd{b,c}4Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@centos8 ~]#vgdisplay --- Volume group ---VG Name testvgSystem ID Format lvm2Metadata Areas 2Metadata Sequence No 2VG Access read/writeVG Status resizableMAX LV 0Cur LV 1Open LV 0Max PV 0Cur PV 2Act PV 2VG Size <19.97 GiBPE Size 16.00 MiBTotal PE 1278Alloc PE / Size 320 / 5.00 GiBFree PE / Size 958 / <14.97 GiBVG UUID 0uWEbf-SRl1-xEme-DVGB-Rpk5-yzRJ-6OTW4E[root@centos8 ~]#lvcreate -n testlv -L +5G testvgLogical volume "testlv" created.
[root@centos8 ~]#lvdisplay --- Logical volume ---LV Path /dev/testvg/testlvLV Name testlvVG Name testvgLV UUID nTH1E3-Qny5-A955-Edgf-b1qg-eBU2-xLQww3LV Write Access read/writeLV Creation host, time centos8.magedu.com, 2021-07-12 18:18:00 +0800LV Status available# open 0LV Size 5.00 GiBCurrent LE 320Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto- currently set to 8192Block device 253:0[root@centos8 ~]#mkfs.xfs /dev/testvg/testlv
meta-data=/dev/testvg/testlv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@centos8 ~]#blkid /dev/testvg/testlv
/dev/testvg/testlv: UUID="9183a935-e0a2-4986-b62e-b194e98de435" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="xfs"
[root@centos8 ~]#echo -e "/dev/testvg/testlv \t/users \txfs \tdefaults \t0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@centos8 ~]#cat /etc/fstab
......
/dev/md0 /backup ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/md1 /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/testvg/testlv /users xfs defaults 0 0
[root@centos8 ~]#mount -a
[root@centos8 ~]#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 957M 0 957M 0% /dev
tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 975M 8.8M 966M 1% /run
tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 100G 2.7G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda3 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
/dev/sr0 8.7G 8.7G 0 100% /mnt
tmpfs 195M 0 195M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/md0 990M 2.6M 921M 1% /backup
/dev/md1 2.0G 6.0M 1.9G 1% /mydata
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 5.0G 68M 5.0G 2% /users
2、 新建用户archlinux，要求其家目录为/users/archlinux，而后su切换至archlinux用户，复制/etc/pam.d目录至自己的家目录
[root@centos8 ~]#useradd archlinux -d /users/archlinux
[root@centos8 ~]#getent passwd |grep arch
archlinux:x:1004:1008::/users/archlinux:/bin/bash
[root@centos8 ~]#su - archlinux
[archlinux@centos8 ~]$pwd
/users/archlinux
[archlinux@centos8 ~]$cp /etc/pam.d/ ~
cp: -r not specified; omitting directory '/etc/pam.d/'
[archlinux@centos8 ~]$cp -r /etc/pam.d/ ~
[archlinux@centos8 ~]$ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4096 Jul 12 18:34 pam.d
3、扩展testlv至7G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
[root@centos8 ~]#ll /users/archlinux/
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4.0K Jul 12 19:13 pam.d
[root@centos8 ~]#
[root@centos8 ~]#
[root@centos8 ~]#
[root@centos8 ~]#lvextend -r -L +2G /dev/testvg/testlv Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 7.00 GiB (448 extents) to 9.00 GiB (576 extents).Logical volume testvg/testlv successfully resized.
resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv is mounted on /users; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv is now 2359296 (4k) blocks long.[root@centos8 ~]#lvsLV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Converttestlv testvg -wi-ao---- 9.00g
[root@centos8 ~]#ll /users/archlinux/
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4.0K Jul 12 19:13 pam.d
4、收缩testlv至3G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
4.1、取消挂载
[root@centos8 ~]#umount /dev/testvg/testlv
4.2、检查文件系统
[root@centos8 ~]#fsck -f /dev/testvg/testlv
fsck from util-linux 2.32.1
e2fsck 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv: 46/589824 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 61505/2359296 blocks
4.3、缩减文件系统
[root@centos8 ~]#resize2fs /dev/testvg/testlv 3G #注意这里的大小是3G，lv缩减时也必须是3G
resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv to 786432 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv is now 786432 (4k) blocks long.4.4、缩减逻辑卷
[root@centos8 ~]#lvreduce -L 3G /dev/testvg/testlv WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 3.00 GiB. #注意这里的大小是3G，必须和缩减文件系统时的大小一致THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce testvg/testlv? [y/n]: ySize of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 9.00 GiB (576 extents) to 3.00 GiB (192 extents).Logical volume testvg/testlv successfully resized.4.5、重新挂载
[root@centos8 ~]#mount -a
[root@centos8 ~]#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 957M 0 957M 0% /dev
tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 975M 8.8M 966M 1% /run
tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 100G 2.7G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda3 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
/dev/sr0 8.7G 8.7G 0 100% /mnt
tmpfs 195M 0 195M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/md0 990M 2.6M 921M 1% /backup
/dev/md1 2.0G 6.0M 1.9G 1% /mydata
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 2.9G 22M 2.8G 1% /users
[root@centos8 ~]#ll /users/archlinux/
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4.0K Jul 12 19:18 pam.d
5、对testlv创建快照，并尝试基于快照备份数据，验证快照的功能
[root@centos8 ~]#lvsLV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Converttestlv testvg -wi-ao---- 3.00g 5.1、创建快照
[root@centos8 ~]#lvcreate -s -L 200M -n testlv-snapshot -p r /dev/testvg/testlv
# -s是创建快照，-L 200M 快照的大小，-n 快照的名字 -p r 创建谁的快照Rounding up size to full physical extent 208.00 MiBLogical volume "testlv-snapshot" created.
[root@centos8 ~]#lvsLV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Converttestlv testvg owi-aos--- 3.00g testlv-snapshot testvg sri-a-s--- 208.00m testlv 0.01 [root@centos8 ~]#mkdir -p /mnt/snap
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/mnt/snap’: Read-only file system #/mnt目录被光盘占用
[root@centos8 ~]#mkdir -p /data/snap5.2、挂载快照
# ext4默认只读挂载，xfs要加-o ro 实现只读
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/testvg/testlv-snapshot /data/snap
mount: /data/snap: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only. #默认只读挂载5.3、删除数据
[root@centos8 ~]#ll /users/archlinux/
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4.0K Jul 12 19:18 pam.d
[root@centos8 ~]#rm -rf /users/*
[root@centos8 ~]#ll /users/
total 05.4、恢复快照
[root@centos8 ~]#umount /dev/testvg/testlv
[root@centos8 ~]#umount /dev/testvg/testlv-snapshot #先取消挂载
[root@centos8 ~]#lvconvert --merge /dev/testvg/testlv-snapshot Merging of volume testvg/testlv-snapshot started.testvg/testlv: Merged: 100.00%
[root@centos8 ~]#lvsLV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Converttestlv testvg -wi-a----- 3.00g #快照恢复后，快照自动删除 5.5、重新挂载逻辑卷
[root@centos8 ~]#mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users
[root@centos8 ~]#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 957M 0 957M 0% /dev
tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 975M 8.8M 966M 1% /run
tmpfs 975M 0 975M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 100G 2.7G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda3 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
/dev/sr0 8.7G 8.7G 0 100% /mnt
tmpfs 195M 0 195M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/md0 990M 2.6M 921M 1% /backup
/dev/md1 2.0G 6.0M 1.9G 1% /mydata
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 2.9G 22M 2.8G 1% /users
[root@centos8 ~]#ll /users/
total 20K
drwx------ 3 archlinux archlinux 4.0K Jul 12 19:18 archlinux
drwx------ 2 root root 16K Jul 12 19:11 lost+found
[root@centos8 ~]#ll /users/archlinux/
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4.0K Jul 12 19:18 pam.d #数据还在
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