应用权限 Android权限 权限等级 普通权限 敏感权限 申请权限
应用权限
由于应用中会集成
权限列表
权限等级
Android权限分为两种，normal和dangerous。normal为普通权限，不需要程序动态申请，在Manifest中声明就可以。dangerous为敏感权限，需要程序动态申请。
普通 normal
QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES
public static final String QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES
Allows query of any normal app on the device, regardless of manifest declarations.Protection level: normalConstant Value: "android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"
敏感 dangerous
POST_NOTIFICATIONS
public static final String POST_NOTIFICATIONS
Allows an app to post notificationsProtection level: dangerousConstant Value: "android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS"
位置权限
当应用请求 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 权限或 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 权限时（如以下代码段所示），就是在声明需要获取前台位置信息：
<manifest ... ><!-- Always include this permission --><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" /><!-- Include only if your app benefits from precise location access. --><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
</manifest>
权限
权限分为清单文件配置权限以及运行时权限。
- android 6.0之前，所有的权限在Manifest中声明就可以了。
- android 6.0之后，推出了运行时权限。首先，需要应用在Manifest中配置权限，其次，需要动态获取权限，弹出系统弹窗后，用户点击同意才会获取到权限。
运行时权限申请流程
- 检测应用是否已经拥有此权限。
- 如果应用已经具备此权限，不做特殊处理，如果没有拥有权限，则弹出系统弹窗申请权限。（用户拒绝两次系统弹窗之后便不会再弹窗了。）
- 根据用户对系统弹窗选择同意或者拒绝进行操作。
网络分类
网络权限
网络权限<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />查看网络状态权限<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
有了查看网络状态权限之后，就可以获取网络信息了。
网络权限使用示例
NetworkInfo activeNetworkInfo = systemService.getActiveNetworkInfo();
需要ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE权限。
扩展
Android使用明文传输http需要的配置
如果使用http进行信息的传递，需要在manifest的application中进行以下说明：
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
<applicationandroid:usesCleartextTraffic="true"android:name=".JJApmApplication"android:allowBackup="true"android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"android:label="@string/app_name"android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"android:supportsRtl="true"android:theme="@style/Theme.JJAPMSDK">
实践
检查用户授权
@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {if (requestCode == requestStorePermissionCode) {if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {// 用户授权了权限// 执行相应操作ToastUtil.showToast(activity,"用户授予了存储权限");} else {// 用户拒绝了权限// 执行相应操作ToastUtil.showToast(activity,"用户拒绝授予存储权限");}}}
运行时权限申请实践
主程序如下：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {private String TAG = "JJStudy.callBack";private Button goAddressBook;private Button goPhotoLibrary;private String[] permission_SMS = {Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS,Manifest.permission.READ_SMS};private int permission_SMS_code = 10011;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);initView();goAddressBook.setOnClickListener(this);goPhotoLibrary.setOnClickListener(this);}private void initView() {switchBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.switch_btn);goAddressBook = (Button) findViewById(R.id.goAddressBook);goPhotoLibrary = (Button) findViewById(R.id.goPhotoLibrary);}@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {switch (v.getId()) {case R.id.goAddressBook:if (PermissionUtil.checkPermission(this,permission_SMS)){// 已授权Log.i(TAG,"已经收到授权！！！！");}else {// 未授权PermissionUtil.requestPermission(this,permission_SMS,permission_SMS_code);}break;case R.id.goPhotoLibrary:break;}}@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);if (requestCode == permission_SMS_code){if (PermissionUtil.checkGranted(grantResults)){// 授权成功Log.i(TAG,"granted after system pop...");}else {// 用户未授权Log.i(TAG,"not granted after system pop...");}}}
}
工具类如下，：
package com.hp.interfacecallback;import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;public class PermissionUtil {public static boolean checkPermission(Activity activity, String permission) {return checkPermission(activity, new String[]{permission});}public static boolean checkPermission(Activity activity, String[] permissions) {boolean result = true;int permissionGranted = PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {permissionGranted = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, permissions[i]);/*** 检测所有申请的权限是否都已经授权，没有跳出循环*/if (permissionGranted == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {result = false;break;}}return result;}public static void requestPermission(Activity activity, String[] permissions,int requestCode){ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,permissions,requestCode);}public static boolean checkGranted(int[] grantResults) {if (null == grantResults || grantResults.length == 0){return true;}boolean granted = true;for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {if (grantResults[i] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED){granted = false;break;}}return granted;}
}
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