U3D之摄像机不同视角的方法

U3D摄像机视角

U3D的可以通过设置摄像机来实现第一人称，第三人称等不同游戏视角。

1第一人称视角

四元数转化成欧拉角 Vector3 v3=transform.rotation.eulerAngles;
欧拉角转换成四元数 Quaternion rotation = Quaternion.Euler(v3);

需要实现的效果：鼠标上下左右移动镜头跟着移动；人物移动和跳跃（这里我们人物移动使用的是CharacterController组件的Move和SimpleMove方法）；

//player.cs   人物移动代码
//使用CharacterController组件控制人物移动，simpleMove和Move两种方法的区别是：Move需要自己定义重力，如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;/// 

/// CharacterController控制移动
/// 1：SimpleMove(自动应用重力效果)
/// 2：Move（不会应用重力效果，需要自己去实现）
/// 
public class PlayerMove : MonoBehaviour {
private CharacterController cc;//角色控制器，控制物体的移动
private float speed = 4.0f;//移动速度
private float gravity = 10.0f;//重力
private Vector3 moveDir = Vector3.zero;//移动方向
void Start () 
{cc = this.GetComponent<CharacterController>();
}void Update () 
{//模拟重力效果//一开始y方向速度为正，表示再上升即跳起来；当y为负时，开始下降，且下降速度越来越快if (moveDir.y > -gravity){moveDir.y -= gravity * Time.deltaTime;print(moveDir);}cc.Move(moveDir * Time.deltaTime);//首先必須保證moveDir为负数，不能为0，只有是负数，才能算是isGroundedif (cc.isGrounded)//在地上{if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))//按空格起跳{moveDir.y = speed;}else{float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal")*speed;float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical")*speed;Vector3 dir = new Vector3(h, 0, v);//水平面方向的移动dir *= speed;if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftShift)){dir *= 2;}//cc.SimpleMove(transform.TransformDirection(dir));//不需要乘以deltaTime，把当前方向转换到世界空间中cc.Move(transform.TransformDirection(dir) * Time.deltaTime);//需要乘以deltaTime}}else {//在空中的运动状态控制if (Input.GetKey("w")){Vector3 zDir = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3.forward);if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftShift)){cc.Move(zDir * speed * Time.deltaTime * 2);}else{cc.Move(zDir * speed * Time.deltaTime);}}     }
}
}

MouseLook.cs
摄像机旋转带动角色旋转
//作用是当鼠标移动时，player跟着转向，player分为两部分构成：body和head两部分，body负责左右转，head负责上下转
//再body对象中，摄像机旋转类型为MouseX；
再head对象中，摄像机旋转类型为MouseY;

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;public class MouseLook : MonoBehaviour {
public enum ERotationAxis//摄像机的旋转类型
{ MouseXY,//水平和垂直方向的旋转MouseX,//只是X方向上的移动MouseY//Y方向上的移动}
public float sensitivityX = 20.0f;//X方向上移动的灵敏度
public float sensitivityY = 15.0f;
public float minAngleY = -60.0f;//鼠标在Y轴方向移动摄像机角度观看范围
public float maxAngleY = 60.0f;
public ERotationAxis axis = ERotationAxis.MouseXY;
private float rotationY;
void Start () 
{if (GetComponent<Rigidbody>()){GetComponent<Rigidbody>().freezeRotation = true;}
}void Update () 
{float x = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X");//鼠标的左右移动float y = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y");//鼠标的上下移动switch (axis){case ERotationAxis.MouseXY:float rotationX = transform.localEulerAngles.y + x * sensitivityX;rotationY += y * sensitivityY;rotationY = Mathf.Clamp(rotationY, minAngleY, maxAngleY);//夹值transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(-rotationY, rotationX, 0);break;case ERotationAxis.MouseX:transform.Rotate(0,x*sensitivityX,0);//body执行这个break;case ERotationAxis.MouseY:rotationY += y * sensitivityY;rotationY = Mathf.Clamp(rotationY, minAngleY, maxAngleY);//夹值transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(-rotationY,                  transform.localEulerAngles.y, 0);//head执行这个//transform.Rotate(-y * sensitivityY, 0, 0);这个也能用break;}
}
}

第三人称视角

实现效果：点鼠标右键移动摄像机，player跟着移动；如果人物和摄像机之间被挡到，摄像机会跳到挡到点处；同样是摄像机带动人物旋转

脚本一
ThirdPlayer.cs

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;public class ThirdPlayer : MonoBehaviour {public CharacterController cc;public float moveSpeed = 3.0f;public Camera camera;// Use this for initializationvoid Start () {cc=this.GetComponent<CharacterController>();camera=Camera.main;this.transform.rotation = camera.transform.rotation;//角色跟着相机旋转}// Update is called once per framevoid Update () {float vx = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * moveSpeed;float vy = Input.GetAxis("Vertical")*moveSpeed;Vector3 cmEuler = camera.transform.eulerAngles;cmEuler.x = cmEuler.z = 0;this.transform.eulerAngles = cmEuler;cc.SimpleMove(transform.TransformDirection(new Vector3(vx,0,vy)));}
}

CameraFollow.cs
相机跟随脚本

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;public class CameraFollow : MonoBehaviour {public const float DISTANCE_DEAFULT = 8.0f;//默认主角和摄像机的距离private float distance = 0.0f;//运行时的距离private Transform transTarget;//摄像机跟随目标（主角）public float target_offsety = 0.5f;//盯着目标往上偏移值private Vector3 vLooker;//摄像机盯着的位置private Vector3 rotateXY;//保存X,Y方向的旋转，鼠标移动的时候会发生改变private float speedAngelX = 200;//x方向的旋转速度private float speedAngelY = 100;//y方向的旋转速度public float minAngleAtY = -90.0f;       //摄像机在Y方向的角度的最小值public float maxAngleAtY = 90.0f;       //摄像机在Y方向的角度的最大值Quaternion rotation;//摄像机的旋转角度void Start () {distance = DISTANCE_DEAFULT;transTarget = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("Player").transform;vLooker = new Vector3(transTarget.position.x, transTarget.position.y + target_offsety, transTarget.position.z);//rotation = transform.rotation;rotateXY.y = transform.eulerAngles.x;//摄像机转x欧拉角，会发现主相机上下动rotateXY.x = transform.eulerAngles.y;//摄像机转y欧拉角，会发现相机左右动transform.position = transTarget.position + rotation * Vector3.back * distance; //四元数乘以向量的意义，重点transform.LookAt(vLooker);//一直看着某个点
}void Update(){vLooker = transTarget.position;vLooker.y += 0.5f;// transform.position = transTarget.position + rotation * Vector3.back * distance; ;//按下鼠标右键if (Input.GetMouseButton(1))//0:左键，1：右键，2：中键{float x = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X");//鼠标在X方向上的移动,控制Y轴的旋转float y = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y");//鼠标在Y方向上的移动,控制X轴的旋转rotateXY.x += speedAngelX * Time.deltaTime * x;//容易理解鼠标左右，上下移动时候的数据改变rotateXY.y -= speedAngelY * Time.deltaTime * y;rotateXY.y = Mathf.Clamp(rotateXY.y, minAngleAtY, maxAngleAtY);//在最小值和最大值之间取值，因为抬头低头总会有角度限制的rotation = Quaternion.Euler(rotateXY.y, rotateXY.x, 0);//值又交换回来了。transform.rotation = rotation;}transform.position = transTarget.position + rotation * Vector3.back * distance;
}void LateUpdate()//射线的碰撞检测{if (transTarget){//vLooker = transTarget.position;//vLooker.y += 0.5f;//transform.position = transTarget.position + rotation * Vector3.back * distance; ;按下鼠标右键//if (Input.GetMouseButton(1))//0:左键，1：右键，2：中键//{//    float x = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X");//鼠标在X方向上的移动,控制Y轴的旋转//    float y = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y");//鼠标在Y方向上的移动,控制X轴的旋转//    rotateXY.x += speedAngelX * Time.deltaTime * x;//    rotateXY.y -= speedAngelY * Time.deltaTime * y;//    rotateXY.y = Mathf.Clamp(rotateXY.y, minAngleAtY, maxAngleAtY);//在最小值和最大值之间取值//    rotation = Quaternion.Euler(rotateXY.y, rotateXY.x, 0);//    transform.rotation = rotation;//    transform.position = transTarget.position + rotation * Vector3.back * distance; ;//}RaycastHit[] hits = Physics.RaycastAll(new Ray(vLooker, (transform.position - vLooker).normalized));distance = DISTANCE_DEAFULT;List<RaycastHit> listHits=new List<RaycastHit>(hits);foreach (RaycastHit hit in listHits){if (hit.collider.gameObject.tag == "Player"){listHits.Remove(hit);break;}}if (listHits.Count > 0){RaycastHit stand = listHits[0];//剔除人物身上点之后，距离人最近的点foreach (RaycastHit hit in listHits){//if (hit.collider.gameObject.tag == "terrain")//{//    if (hit.distance < stand.distance)//    {//        stand = hit;//    }//}if (hit.distance < stand.distance){stand = hit;}}Debug.Log(stand.point + " " + stand.collider.gameObject.tag);string tag = stand.collider.gameObject.tag;distance = Vector3.Distance(stand.point, vLooker);if (distance > DISTANCE_DEAFULT){distance = DISTANCE_DEAFULT;}}Debug.DrawRay(vLooker, transform.position - vLooker, Color.red);Vector3 position = transTarget.position + rotation * Vector3.back * distance;position.y += 1.5f;//为了不让摄像机看到地下的东西transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(transform.position, position, 0.3f);transform.LookAt(vLooker);}}
}

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