The introduction of the Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics

• Heat = Thermal energy
• Heat transfer means the rate of the heat transfer, which is depended on the Fourier’s Low

Φ = − λ A d T d x \Phi=-\lambda A \frac{d T}{d x} Φ=−λAdxdT​

and we assume the continuum assumption is valid.

• Thermodynamics: system at equilibrium state.
• Heat transfer: system at non-equilibrium state (temperature difference).
• The main variables in heat transfer include the dimension T-1: the main concern is the rate of energy transfer
• Basic laws in thermodynamics are widely applied in the heat transfer(First law : The internal energy of an isolated system is constant.Second law: Heat cannot flow from a colder location to a hotter location)

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