mysql 子表 关联查询语句_mysql查询语句 和 多表关联查询 以及 子查询

1.查询一张表: select * from 表名;

2.查询指定字段:select 字段1,字段2,字段3….from 表名;

3.where条件查询:select 字段1,字段2,字段3 frome 表名 where 条件表达式;

例:select * from t_studect where id=1;

select * from t_student where age>22;

4.带in关键字查询:select 字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]in(元素1,元素2);

例:select * from t_student where age in (21,23);

select * from t_student where age not in (21,23);

5.带between and的范围查询:select 字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]between 取值1 and 取值2;

例:select * frome t_student where age between 21 and 29;

select * frome t_student where age not between 21 and 29;

6.带like的模糊查询:select 字段1,字段2… frome 表名 where 字段 [not] like ‘字符串’;

“%”代表任意字符;

“_”代表单个字符;

例:select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘张三”;

select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘张三%”;

select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘%张三%”;//含有张三的任意字符

select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘张三_”

7.空值查询:select 字段1,字段2…frome 表名 where 字段 is[not] null;

8.带and的多条件查询:

select 字段1,字段2…frome 表名 where 条件表达式1 and 条件表达式2 [and 条件表达式n]

例:select * frome t_student where gradeName=’一年级’ and age=23;

9.带or的多条件查询

select 字段1,字段2…frome 表名 where 条件表达式1 or 条件表达式2 [or 条件表达式n]

例:select * frome t_student where gradeName=’一年级’ or age=23;//或者,条件只要满足一个

10.distinct去重复查询:select distinct 字段名 from 表名;

11.对查询结果排序order by:select 字段1,字段2…from 表名 order by 属性名 [asc|desc]

例:select * frome t_student order by age desc;//降序,从大到小

select * frome t_student order by age asc;//升序,asc默认可以不写

12.分组查询group by

group by 属性名 [having 条件表达式][with rollup]

1.单独使用(毫无意义,不能单独使用);

2.与group_concat()函数一起使用;

例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;

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3.与聚合函数一起使用;

例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;

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4.与having一起使用(显示输出的结果);

例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName having count(stuName)>3;

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5.与with rollup 一起使用(最后加入一个总和行);

例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName with rollup;

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13.limit 分页查询:select 字段1,字段2,…from 表名 limit 初始位置,记录数;

例子:select * from t_student limit 0,5;

多表连接查询

表一:t_book

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表二:t_bookType

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表三:t_priceLevel

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select * from t_book,t_bookType;

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1.内连接查询(两张或以上的表连接起来查询需要的数据)

根据表一的bookTypeId查询出所有bookTypeName

select * from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;

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查询某几个字段:

select bookNme,author from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;

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2.外连接查询(两张或以上的表连接起来查询某张表的信息)

3.左连接查询

select * from t_book left join t_bookType on t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;

如下图:表一(左边表)t_book的数据全部查出 表二没有的字段用null代替

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4.右连接查询

select * from t_book right join t_bookType on t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;

查出表二(右边表)的所有信息,表一没有的用null代替

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5.多条件连接查询

select * from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id and t_book.price>70;

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子查询

1.带in关键字的子查询(一个查询语句的条件可能落在另一个select语句的查询结果中)

select * from t_book where bookType in(select id from t_bookType);

select * from t_book where bookType not in(select id from t_bookType);

2.带比较运算符的子查询(子查询可以使用比较运算符)

select * from t_book where price>=(select price from t_priceLevel where priceLevel=1);

3.带exists关键字的子查询(加入子查询查询到记录,则进行外层查询,否则,不执行外层查询)

select * from t_book where exists(select * from t_booktype);

select * from t_book where not exists(select * from t_booktype);

4.带any关键字的子查询(any关键字表示满足其中任一条件)

select * from t_book where price>= any(select price from t_priceLevel);

5.带all关键字的子查询(all关键字表示满足所有条件)

select * from t_book where price>= all(select price from t_priceLevel);

合并查询

1.union

使用union关键字是,数据库系统会将所有的查询结果合并到一起,然后去掉相同的记录;

select id from t_book union select id from t_bookType;

2.union all

使用union all,不会去除掉重复的记录;

select id from t_book union all select id from t_bookType;


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