[ 06 - 01 ] 阅读难句解析
难句分类详解
[ 复杂修饰成分 ]
1 从句(主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句)
2 介词短语修饰
3 分词修饰
4 不定式修饰
The methods ( that a community devises to perpetuate itself ) come into being / to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy ( that that community perceives as essential ).
( 一个社会设计出来保存自己的 ) 方法 得以形成 / 来保持 (那个社会认为是最重要的) 文化遗产的一些方面
[ 大段的插入语或同位语 ]
Moreover, I can feel strong emotions [ in response to objects of art ( that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality ) ].
而且，我能够感觉到强烈的情感，[ 这些情感 是对 ( 现实的解释 ) 的艺术目标做出的反应而不是对现实的描述的艺术目标做出的反应 ]
[ 倒装 ]
That sex ratio will be favored [ which maximizes the number of descendants ( that dividual will have ) and hence maximizes the number of gene copies ( transmitted ) ].
那种 [ 能够最大化 ( 一个个体的后代的 ) 数目并且因此可以最大化 ( 被传播的 ) 基因的份数的 ] 性别比率将会是有利的
[ 省略 ]
难句典型结构
[ 长成分 ]
1. 主语从句
That each large firm will act / with considedration of its own needs / and thus avoid selling its products / for more than its competitors' charge / is commonly recognized by advocates of free-marker economic theories / .
每一个大公司都将处于对各自利益的考虑而行动，而且因此将避免把其产品卖得比其他竞争者更昂贵 这一点 通常被自由市场经济理论的支持者所认识到
2. 宾语从句
The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote / in the 1890's / that the agrarian discontent ( that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 ) had been precipitated / by the closing of the internal frontier [ that is, the depletion of available new land ( need for further expansion of the American farming system ) ]
历史学家FJT / 在1890年 / 写道，( 自从1870年开始就在美国持续发展的 ) 农民的不满是被内部边疆的消失所加剧的，[ 而内部边疆的消失即指 ( 所需进一步扩展美国农业系统的 ) 可资利用的新土地的枯竭 ]
主语、形式主语、真正主语的引导词：阴影
谓语、系动词：下划线 ___
宾语、介词宾语、表语： 蓝字 ( ~~~ )
插入语：倾斜 ( _._._._ )
修饰成分：{ } 、[ ]、( )
并列、转折、固定搭配、被分割的词组、重点词汇：红字体 ( 黑字体 )
省略：非粗体 ( 倾斜 )
长状语：/... .../
从句引导词：#that ( 口 )
[ 001 ]
That sex ratio will be favored [ which maximizes the number of descendants ( that an individual will have ) and hence maximizes the number of gene copies ( transmitted ) . ]
那种 [ 能够最大化 (一个个体所拥有的) 后代的数目 并且 因此可以最大化 (被传播的) 基因的份数的 ] 性别比率将会是有利的
意群训练
That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted .
[ 002 ]
Hardy's weakness derived / from his apparent inability ( to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses ) / and derived / from his unwillingness ( to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones ) / .
weakness n. 弱点;软弱;疲软;虚弱;衰弱;
inability n. 无能;无力;不能
divergent adj. 发散的;有分歧的;不同的;相异的
impulse n. 推动，驱使;冲力，推力;推动作用
energetic adj. 精力充沛的;充满活力的;需要能量的;积极的
哈代的弱点来源于 其明显不能 控制这些不同冲动的来去 ， 同时 也来源于 他的不愿意 ( 去培养和维持那些有活力的大胆的冲动 )
意群训练
Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
[ 003 ]
( Virginia Woolf's provocative ) statement ( about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway ) has regularly been ignored / by the critics / , / since it highlights an aspect { of her literary interests [ that is very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist ( concerned with examing states of reverie and vision and concerned with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness ) ] } / .
provocative adj. 挑衅的;煽动性的;激起争端的;引诱的;激起性欲的
intention n. 打算;计划;意图;目的
picture n. 相片;照片;图画;绘画;电视图像;描绘;头脑中的情景;状况;电影;电影院
reverie n. 幻想;白日梦;梦想
vision n. 视力;视野;想象;幻象;梦幻;神示;异象;想象力;俊男;影像，画面
intricate adj. 错综复杂的
consciousness n. 清醒状态;知觉;觉察;感觉;意识;观念;看法
( VW 的挑战性的 ) ( 关于其在写作MD一书时的意图的 ) 声明 通常 / 被评论家 / 所忽视 /，/ 因为此声明 突出 了 一个方面 ，{ 这方面是其文学兴趣中的 / [ 非常不同于传统的 "诗性的" 小说家的状况 ( 这些小说家关心的是审视白日梦和幻想的状态，并关心 去追寻个人意识的曲折历程 ) ] } /
[ 004 ]
/ #As she put it in The Common Reader / , " Although it is safe to say #that not a single law has been framed or one stone set / upon another / because of anything Chaucer said or wrote / ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore . "
is safe to say 可以肯定地说
framed v. 制订;建造;
/ 就像她在《致普通读者》一书中表达的那样 / ，" 尽管 可以毫无疑问地说，没有任何法律被制定出来、也没有高楼大厦被建立起来 / 因为乔叟说了什么或写了什么 / 然而，当我们读他的书的时候，我们身上每个毛孔都吸满了道德"
[ 005 ]
/ With the conclusion of a burst of activity / , the lactic acid level is high / in the body fluids / , / leaving the large animal / vulnerable to attack / / until the acid is reconverted , / via oxidative metabolism / , / by the liver / into glucose , [ #which is then sent ( in part ) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis ] / / .
burst v. 爆发;(使)爆裂，胀开;
conclusion n. 结论;推论;结束;结果;
lactic acid n. 乳酸
reconverted 重新转换;再转变的
oxidative adj. 氧化的
metabolism n. 新陈代谢
glucose n. 葡萄糖;右旋糖
glycogen n. 糖原；糖元
resynthesis 再合成;重合成;合成再生
/ 随着爆发出来的运动的结束 / , / 在体液中 / 乳酸含量会变得很高 , / 使得大型动物 / 处于容易攻击的状态 / , / 直到乳酸被 / 通过有氧新陈代谢的方式 / / 由肝脏 / 转化为葡萄糖 , [ 葡萄糖接下来又会被 ( 部分地 ) 传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 ] / / 。
[ 006 ]
Although Gutman admits #that forced separation by sale was frequent , but he shows that the slaves' preference , revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was inferquent , was very much for stable monogamy .
revealed v. 揭示;显示;透露;显出;露出;展示 reveal的过去分词和过去式
plantation n. 种植园;种植场;木材林地;人造林
monogamy n. 一夫一妻制;一夫一妻(制);单配偶;单配性
尽管 Gutman 承认 由于出售奴隶造成的强迫分离是经常发生的，但是 他指出奴隶们自己的偏好 此偏好在很少出售奴隶的种植园中表现得最为明显 ，还是很喜欢一夫一妻制
[ 007 ]
Gutman argue convincingly #that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining the Balck heritage ( of folklore , music , and religious expression ) / from one generation to another / , [ a heritage ( #that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American exprtiences ) ] .
argue v. 争论;争吵;争辩;论证;说理;证明;表明
transmission n. 传输;传递;传送;传达;传染;
and so adv. 所以;因此
sustaining adj. 支持的；持久的；补身的；赞助的 sustain的现在分词
folklore n. 民俗学;民俗;民间传说;民间传统
fashioning v. (尤指用手工)制作，使成形，塑造 n. 精加工 fashion的现在分词
Gutman 令人信服地论证道，黑人家庭得稳定性 鼓励了 因此也在后者得保持上起了重要得作用 包括民间传说、音乐以及宗教得表达 黑人遗产 从一代到另一代的 传播，这是一个 奴隶们不断从其在非洲和美国的经历中塑造出来的 遗产
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